（十）React Ant Design Pro + .Net5 WebApi：后端环境搭建-IdentityServer4（二）授权模式

一、前言

先交代一下整个Demo项目结构：

  • 一个认证服务（端口5000）IdentityServer4.Authentication
  • 五个授权模式（两个控制台程序，三个MVC项目端口5001）文件夹GrantClient
  • 两个资源服务（WebApi：UserApiResource端口8000，ProductApiResource端口9000）文件夹ApiResource

二、准备认证服务 + 资源服务

1、认证服务

（1）新建一个MVC项目，安装 IdentityServer4 ，注册五种授权模式客户端，代码如下

public class Startup
{
    public Startup(IConfiguration configuration)
    {
        Configuration = configuration;
    }

    public IConfiguration Configuration { get; }

    // This method gets called by the runtime. Use this method to add services to the container.
    public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
    {
        services.AddControllersWithViews();

        services.AddIdentityServer()
        .AddDeveloperSigningCredential()                            //临时证书
        .AddInMemoryClients(InMemoryConfig.GetClients())            //客户端模式，InMemory内存数据
        .AddInMemoryApiScopes(InMemoryConfig.GetApiScopes())        //作用域
        .AddInMemoryApiResources(InMemoryConfig.GetApiResources())  //资源
        .AddTestUsers(InMemoryConfig.GetTestUser())                 //用户
        .AddInMemoryIdentityResources(InMemoryConfig.IdentityResources);
    }

    // This method gets called by the runtime. Use this method to configure the HTTP request pipeline.
    public void Configure(IApplicationBuilder app, IWebHostEnvironment env)
    {
        if (env.IsDevelopment())
        {
            app.UseDeveloperExceptionPage();
        }
        else
        {
            app.UseExceptionHandler("/Home/Error");
        }

        app.UseIdentityServer(); //使用IdentityServer4

        app.UseStaticFiles();

        app.UseRouting();

        app.UseAuthorization();

        app.UseEndpoints(endpoints =>
        {
            endpoints.MapControllerRoute(
                name: "default",
                pattern: "{controller=Home}/{action=Index}/{id?}");
        });
    }
}

public class InMemoryConfig
{
    public static IEnumerable IdentityResources =>
    new IdentityResource[]
    {
        new IdentityResources.OpenId(),
        new IdentityResources.Profile(),
        //new IdentityResources.Email(),
        //new IdentityResources.Address(),
        //new IdentityResources.Phone()
    };
    /// 
    /// ApiResource 资源列表
    /// 
    public static IEnumerable GetApiResources()
    {
        return new[]
        {
            new ApiResource("UserApiResource", "获取用户信息API")
            {
                Scopes={ "UserScope" }
            },
            new ApiResource("ProductApiResource", "获取商品信息API")
            {
                Scopes={ "ProductScope" }
            }
        };
    }
    /// 
    /// ApiScopes 作用域
    /// 
    public static IEnumerable GetApiScopes()
    {
        return new ApiScope[]
        {
            new ApiScope("UserScope"),
            new ApiScope("ProductScope")
        };
    }
    /// 
    /// Client 客户端
    /// 
    public static IEnumerable GetClients()
    {
        return new[]
        {
            //客户端模式
            new Client
            {
                ClientId = "ClientCredentials",
                ClientName = "ClientCredentials",
                ClientSecrets = new [] { new Secret("ClientCredentials".Sha256()) },
                AllowedGrantTypes = GrantTypes.ClientCredentials,
                AllowedScopes = new [] { "UserScope" }
            },
            //密码模式
            new Client
            {
                ClientId = "ResourceOwnerPasswordCredentials",
                ClientName = "ResourceOwnerPasswordCredentials",
                ClientSecrets = new [] { new Secret("ResourceOwnerPasswordCredentials".Sha256()) },
                AllowedGrantTypes = GrantTypes.ResourceOwnerPassword,
                AllowedScopes = new []
                {
                    "ProductScope",
                    IdentityServerConstants.StandardScopes.OpenId,
                    IdentityServerConstants.StandardScopes.Profile,
                }
            },
            //简化模式
            new Client
            {
                ClientId = "Implicit",
                ClientName = "Implicit",
                AllowedGrantTypes = GrantTypes.Implicit,
                RedirectUris = { "https://localhost:5001/signin-oidc" },
                PostLogoutRedirectUris = { "https://localhost:5001/signout-callback-oidc" },
                RequireConsent = true,
                AllowedScopes = new []{
                    "UserScope",
                    "ProductScope",
                    IdentityServerConstants.StandardScopes.OpenId,
                    IdentityServerConstants.StandardScopes.Profile,
                }
            },
            //授权码模式
            new Client
            {
                ClientId = "AuthorizationCode",
                ClientName = "AuthorizationCode",
                ClientSecrets = new [] { new Secret("AuthorizationCode".Sha256()) },
                AllowedGrantTypes = GrantTypes.Code,
                RedirectUris = { "https://localhost:5001/signin-oidc" },
                PostLogoutRedirectUris = { "https://localhost:5001/signout-callback-oidc" },
                RequireConsent = true,
                AllowedScopes = new []{
                    "UserScope",
                    "ProductScope",
                    IdentityServerConstants.StandardScopes.OpenId,
                    IdentityServerConstants.StandardScopes.Profile,
                }
            },
            //混合模式
            new Client
            {
                ClientId = "Hybrid",
                ClientName = "Hybrid",
                ClientSecrets = new [] { new Secret("Hybrid".Sha256()) },
                AllowedGrantTypes = GrantTypes.Hybrid,
                RedirectUris = { "https://localhost:5001/signin-oidc" },
                PostLogoutRedirectUris = { "https://localhost:5001/signout-callback-oidc" },
                RequireConsent = true,
                RequirePkce = false,
                AllowedScopes = new []{
                    "UserScope",
                    "ProductScope",
                    IdentityServerConstants.StandardScopes.OpenId,
                    IdentityServerConstants.StandardScopes.Profile,
                    //IdentityServerConstants.StandardScopes.Email,
                    //IdentityServerConstants.StandardScopes.Address,
                    //IdentityServerConstants.StandardScopes.Phone
                }
            },
        };
    }
    public static List GetTestUser()
    {
        return new List(){
            new TestUser
            {
                SubjectId = "1",
                Username = "WinterSir",
                Password = "WinterSir",
                Claims =
                {
                     new Claim(JwtClaimTypes.Name,"WinterSir"),
                     new Claim(JwtClaimTypes.GivenName,"WinterSir"),
                     new Claim(JwtClaimTypes.FamilyName,"WinterSir-FamilyName"),
                     new Claim(JwtClaimTypes.Email,"641187567@qq.com"),
                     new Claim(JwtClaimTypes.EmailVerified,"true", ClaimValueTypes.Boolean),
                     new Claim(JwtClaimTypes.WebSite,"http://WinterSir.com"),
                     new Claim(JwtClaimTypes.Address,@" [ 'street_address': 'Chang Ping', 'locality': 'BeiJing' ,'postal_code’: 102206,'country': 'China'}",
                     IdentityServerConstants.ClaimValueTypes.Json)
                }
            }
        };
    }
}

（2）cmddotnet new is4ui安装Quickstart UI模板，删除原来 Controllers 中 HomeController 防止冲突，设置5000端口启动

2、资源服务

新建两个WebApi项目，安装IdentityServer4.AccessTokenValidation，分别修改Startup、Controller，设置8000、9000端口启动

public class Startup
{
    public Startup(IConfiguration configuration)
    {
        Configuration = configuration;
    }

    public IConfiguration Configuration { get; }

    // This method gets called by the runtime. Use this method to add services to the container.
    public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
    {

        services.AddControllers();
        services.AddSwaggerGen(c =>
        {
            c.SwaggerDoc("v1", new OpenApiInfo { Title = "ProductApiResource", Version = "v1" });
        });

        //集成端口为5000的认证服务
        services.AddAuthentication("Bearer")
          .AddIdentityServerAuthentication(options =>
          {
              options.Authority = "https://localhost:5000";
              options.ApiName = "ProductApiResource";
          });
    }

    // This method gets called by the runtime. Use this method to configure the HTTP request pipeline.
    public void Configure(IApplicationBuilder app, IWebHostEnvironment env)
    {
        if (env.IsDevelopment())
        {
            app.UseDeveloperExceptionPage();
            app.UseSwagger();
            app.UseSwaggerUI(c => c.SwaggerEndpoint("/swagger/v1/swagger.json", "ProductApiResource v1"));
        }

        app.UseRouting();

        app.UseAuthentication();//鉴权

        app.UseAuthorization();//授权

        app.UseEndpoints(endpoints =>
        {
            endpoints.MapControllers();
        });
    }
}

三、授权模式

1、客户端授权模式

客户端模式（Client Credentials）指客户端以自己的名义，而不是以用户的名义，向"认证服务"进行认证。如果是提前约束好的客户端，直接给你颁发令牌 token

安装IdentityModel

class Program
{
    /// 
    /// 客户端模式（Client Credentials）
    /// 
    /// 
    static void Main(string[] args)
    {
        Console.WriteLine("***************** 客户端模式（Client Credentials）*****************");
        var client = new HttpClient();
        var disco = client.GetDiscoveryDocumentAsync("https://localhost:5000/").Result;
        if (disco.IsError)
        {
            Console.WriteLine(disco.Error);
            return;
        }
        var tokenResponse = client.RequestClientCredentialsTokenAsync(new ClientCredentialsTokenRequest
        {
            Address = disco.TokenEndpoint,
            ClientId = "ClientCredentials",
            ClientSecret = "ClientCredentials",
            Scope = "UserScope"
        }).Result;

        if (tokenResponse.IsError)
        {
            Console.WriteLine(tokenResponse.Error);
            return;
        }

        Console.WriteLine("\nToken: " + tokenResponse.AccessToken);

        var apiClient = new HttpClient();
        apiClient.SetBearerToken(tokenResponse.AccessToken);
        var response = apiClient.GetAsync("https://localhost:8000/User/Get").Result;
        if (!response.IsSuccessStatusCode)
        {
            Console.WriteLine(response.StatusCode);
        }
        else
        {
            var content = response.Content.ReadAsStringAsync().Result;
            Console.WriteLine("\n结果: " + content);
        }

        Console.ReadLine();
    }
}

2、密码模式

密码模式（Resource Owner Password Credentials）中客户端使用用户提供的用户名和密码，向"认证服务"进行认证，有较高风险，通常只有在其他授权模式无法执行的情况下，才能考虑使用这种模式。相较于客户端多了一个用户角色。

安装IdentityModel

static void Main(string[] args)
{
    Console.WriteLine("***************** 密码模式（Resource Owner Password credentials）***************** ");
    var client = new HttpClient();
    var disco = client.GetDiscoveryDocumentAsync("https://localhost:5000/").Result;
    if (disco.IsError)
    {
        Console.WriteLine(disco.Error);
        return;
    }
    var tokenResponse = client.RequestPasswordTokenAsync(new PasswordTokenRequest()
    {
        Address = disco.TokenEndpoint,
        ClientId = "ResourceOwnerPasswordCredentials",
        ClientSecret = "ResourceOwnerPasswordCredentials",
        UserName = "WinterSir",
        Password = "WinterSir",
        Scope = "ProductScope",
    }).Result;

    if (tokenResponse.IsError)
    {
        Console.WriteLine(tokenResponse.Error);
        return;
    }

    Console.WriteLine("\nToken: " + tokenResponse.AccessToken);

    var apiClient = new HttpClient();
    apiClient.SetBearerToken(tokenResponse.AccessToken);
    var response = apiClient.GetAsync("https://localhost:9000/Product/Get").Result;
    if (!response.IsSuccessStatusCode)
    {
        Console.WriteLine(response.StatusCode);
    }
    else
    {
        var content = response.Content.ReadAsStringAsync().Result;
        Console.WriteLine("\n结果: " + content);
    }

    Console.ReadLine();
}

3、简化模式

简化模式（Implicit）比授权码模式少了code环节，所有步骤在浏览器中完成，令牌对访问者是可见的，且客户端不需要认证，该模式是很不安全的，且不支持refresh token，适用于 Web 安全要求不高的场景，设置较短时效的 token。

（1）安装IdentityServer4.AccessTokenValidation、Microsoft.AspNetCore.Authentication.OpenIdConnect，修改Startup

public class Startup
{
    public Startup(IConfiguration configuration)
    {
        Configuration = configuration;
    }

    public IConfiguration Configuration { get; }

    // This method gets called by the runtime. Use this method to add services to the container.
    public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
    {
        //关闭Jwt映射
        JwtSecurityTokenHandler.DefaultMapInboundClaims = false;
        //注册授权
        services.AddAuthentication(options =>
        {
            options.DefaultScheme = "Cookies";
            options.DefaultChallengeScheme = "oidc";
        })
        .AddCookie("Cookies")
        .AddOpenIdConnect("oidc", options =>
        {
            options.Authority = "https://localhost:5000";       //认证服务
            options.RequireHttpsMetadata = true;                //必须使用Https，否则用户无法登录
            options.ClientId = "Implicit";
            options.ClientSecret = "Implicit";
            options.SaveTokens = true; //表示Token要存储
        });

        services.AddControllersWithViews().AddRazorRuntimeCompilation();
    }

    // This method gets called by the runtime. Use this method to configure the HTTP request pipeline.
    public void Configure(IApplicationBuilder app, IWebHostEnvironment env)
    {
        if (env.IsDevelopment())
        {
            app.UseDeveloperExceptionPage();
        }
        else
        {
            app.UseExceptionHandler("/Home/Error");
        }
        app.UseStaticFiles();

        app.UseRouting();

        app.UseAuthentication();

        app.UseAuthorization();

        app.UseHttpsRedirection();

        app.UseEndpoints(endpoints =>
        {
            endpoints.MapControllerRoute(
                name: "default",
                pattern: "{controller=Home}/{action=Index}/{id?}");
        });
    }
}

（2）_Layout.cshtml添加 注销按钮


    
    Logout

（3）HomeController添加对应功能，需要认证的方法加上特性[Authorize]

[Authorize]
public IActionResult Privacy()
{
    return View();
}

//注销
public IActionResult Logout()
{
    return SignOut("Cookies", "oidc");
}

（4）修改Privacy.cshtml

@{
    ViewData["Title"] = "Privacy Policy";
}

@ViewData["Title"]


@using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Authentication


Claims




    @foreach (var claim in User.Claims)
    {
        
@claim.Type

        
@claim.Value

    }




Properties




    @foreach (var prop in (await Context.AuthenticateAsync()).Properties.Items)
    {
        
@prop.Key

        
@prop.Value

    }

（5）效果图

4、授权码模式

授权码模式（Authorization Code）不同于简化模式直接返回token，而是先返回一个授权码，再用授权码去请求token，然后携带访问Api资源。授权码模式是功能最完整、流程最严密的授权模式。

（1）安装IdentityServer4.AccessTokenValidation、Microsoft.AspNetCore.Authentication.OpenIdConnect，修改Startup

public class Startup
{
    public Startup(IConfiguration configuration)
    {
        Configuration = configuration;
    }

    public IConfiguration Configuration { get; }

    // This method gets called by the runtime. Use this method to add services to the container.
    public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
    {
        //关闭Jwt映射
        JwtSecurityTokenHandler.DefaultMapInboundClaims = false;
        //注册授权
        services.AddAuthentication(options =>
        {
            options.DefaultScheme = "Cookies";
            options.DefaultChallengeScheme = "oidc";
        })
        .AddCookie("Cookies")
        .AddOpenIdConnect("oidc", options =>
        {
            options.Authority = "https://localhost:5000";       //认证服务
            options.RequireHttpsMetadata = true;                //必须使用Https，否则用户无法登录
            options.ClientId = "AuthorizationCode";
            options.ClientSecret = "AuthorizationCode";
            options.ResponseType = "code";
            options.Scope.Clear();
            options.Scope.Add("UserScope");
            options.Scope.Add("ProductScope");
            options.Scope.Add(OidcConstants.StandardScopes.OpenId);
            options.Scope.Add(OidcConstants.StandardScopes.Profile);
            //options.Scope.Add(OidcConstants.StandardScopes.Email);
            //options.Scope.Add(OidcConstants.StandardScopes.Phone);
            //options.Scope.Add(OidcConstants.StandardScopes.Address);
            options.SaveTokens = true; //表示Token要存储
        });

        services.AddControllersWithViews().AddRazorRuntimeCompilation();
        services.AddControllers().AddJsonOptions(options =>
        {
            options.JsonSerializerOptions.Encoder = JavaScriptEncoder.Create(UnicodeRanges.All);
        });
    }

    // This method gets called by the runtime. Use this method to configure the HTTP request pipeline.
    public void Configure(IApplicationBuilder app, IWebHostEnvironment env)
    {
        if (env.IsDevelopment())
        {
            app.UseDeveloperExceptionPage();
        }
        else
        {
            app.UseExceptionHandler("/Home/Error");
        }
        app.UseStaticFiles();

        app.UseRouting();

        app.UseAuthentication();

        app.UseAuthorization();

        app.UseHttpsRedirection();

        app.UseEndpoints(endpoints =>
        {
            endpoints.MapControllerRoute(
                name: "default",
                pattern: "{controller=Home}/{action=Index}/{id?}");
        });
    }
}

（2）_Layout.cshtml添加 获取用户按钮、注销按钮


    
    Logout

（3）HomeController添加对应功能，需要认证的方法加上特性[Authorize]

[Authorize]
public IActionResult Privacy()
{
    return View();
}

[Authorize]
public async Task User()
{
    var client = new HttpClient();
    var accessToken = await HttpContext.GetTokenAsync(OpenIdConnectParameterNames.AccessToken);
    if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(accessToken))
    {
        return Json(new { msg = "accesstoken 获取失败" });
    }
    client.DefaultRequestHeaders.Authorization = new AuthenticationHeaderValue("Bearer", accessToken);
    var httpResponse = await client.GetAsync("https://localhost:8000/User/Get");
    var result = await httpResponse.Content.ReadAsStringAsync();
    if (!httpResponse.IsSuccessStatusCode)
    {
        ViewBag.Result = new { msg = "请求 User/Get 失败", error = result };
    }
    ViewBag.Result = new { msg = "成功", data = result };
    return View();
}

//注销
public IActionResult Logout()
{
    return SignOut("Cookies", "oidc");
}

（4）修改Privacy.cshtml

@{
    ViewData["Title"] = "Privacy Policy";
}

@ViewData["Title"]


@using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Authentication


Claims




    @foreach (var claim in User.Claims)
    {
        
@claim.Type

        
@claim.Value

    }




Properties




    @foreach (var prop in (await Context.AuthenticateAsync()).Properties.Items)
    {
        
@prop.Key

        
@prop.Value

    }

（5）效果图

5、混合模式

混合模式（Hybrid Flow）

它为我们提供了两全其美的优势，身份令牌通过浏览器传输，因此客户端可以在进行任何更多工作之前对其进行验证。如果验证成功，客户端会通过令牌服务的以获取访问令牌

（1）安装IdentityServer4.AccessTokenValidation、Microsoft.AspNetCore.Authentication.OpenIdConnect，修改Startup

public class Startup
{
    public Startup(IConfiguration configuration)
    {
        Configuration = configuration;
    }

    public IConfiguration Configuration { get; }

    // This method gets called by the runtime. Use this method to add services to the container.
    public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
    {
        //关闭Jwt映射
        JwtSecurityTokenHandler.DefaultMapInboundClaims = false;
        //注册授权
        services.AddAuthentication(options =>
        {
            options.DefaultScheme = "Cookies";
            options.DefaultChallengeScheme = "oidc";
        })
        .AddCookie("Cookies")
        .AddOpenIdConnect("oidc", options =>
        {
            options.Authority = "https://localhost:5000";       //认证服务
            options.RequireHttpsMetadata = true;                //必须使用Https，否则用户无法登录
            options.ClientId = "Hybrid";
            options.ClientSecret = "Hybrid";
            options.ResponseType = "code id_token";
            options.Scope.Clear();
            options.Scope.Add("UserScope");
            options.Scope.Add("ProductScope");
            options.Scope.Add(OidcConstants.StandardScopes.OpenId);
            options.Scope.Add(OidcConstants.StandardScopes.Profile);
            //options.Scope.Add(OidcConstants.StandardScopes.Email);
            //options.Scope.Add(OidcConstants.StandardScopes.Phone);
            //options.Scope.Add(OidcConstants.StandardScopes.Address);
            //options.Scope.Add(OidcConstants.StandardScopes.0fflineAccess);//获取到刷新Token
            options.SaveTokens = true; //表示Token要存储
        });

        services.AddControllersWithViews().AddRazorRuntimeCompilation();
    }

    // This method gets called by the runtime. Use this method to configure the HTTP request pipeline.
    public void Configure(IApplicationBuilder app, IWebHostEnvironment env)
    {
        if (env.IsDevelopment())
        {
            app.UseDeveloperExceptionPage();
        }
        else
        {
            app.UseExceptionHandler("/Home/Error");
        }
        app.UseStaticFiles();

        app.UseRouting();

        app.UseAuthentication();

        app.UseAuthorization();

        app.UseHttpsRedirection();

        app.UseEndpoints(endpoints =>
        {
            endpoints.MapControllerRoute(
                name: "default",
                pattern: "{controller=Home}/{action=Index}/{id?}");
        });
    }
}

（2）_Layout.cshtml添加 获取产品、注销按钮


    
    Logout

（3）HomeController添加对应功能，需要认证的方法加上特性[Authorize]

[Authorize]
public IActionResult Privacy()
{
    return View();
}
[Authorize]
public async Task Product()
{
    var client = new HttpClient();
    var accessToken = await HttpContext.GetTokenAsync(OpenIdConnectParameterNames.AccessToken);
    if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(accessToken))
    {
        return Json(new { msg = "accesstoken 获取失败" });
    }
    client.DefaultRequestHeaders.Authorization = new AuthenticationHeaderValue("Bearer", accessToken);
    var httpResponse = await client.GetAsync("https://localhost:9000/Product/Get");
    var result = await httpResponse.Content.ReadAsStringAsync();
    if (!httpResponse.IsSuccessStatusCode)
    {
        ViewBag.Result = new { msg = "请求 User/Get 失败", error = result };
    }
    ViewBag.Result = new { msg = "成功", data = result };
    return View();
}

//注销
public IActionResult Logout()
{
    return SignOut("Cookies", "oidc");
}

（4）修改Privacy.cshtml

@{
    ViewData["Title"] = "Privacy Policy";
}

@ViewData["Title"]


@using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Authentication


Claims




    @foreach (var claim in User.Claims)
    {
        
@claim.Type

        
@claim.Value

    }




Properties




    @foreach (var prop in (await Context.AuthenticateAsync()).Properties.Items)
    {
        
@prop.Key

        
@prop.Value

    }

（5）效果图

四、问题踩坑

1、Https

Demo全部用的Https，Mvc客户端配置RequireHttpsMetadata = true如果使用http遇到认证服无法务登录问题，可参考以下地址
https://www.cnblogs.com/i3yuan/p/14033016.html#autoid-20-0-0

2、ResponseType

授权码模式、混合模式需要修改客户端配置ResponseType，ResponseType = "code" 、 ResponseType = "code id_token"

3、RequirePkce

混合模式需要修改对应服务端注册客户端时配置RequirePkce = false，这样不需要客户端提供code challeng

4、其他Error

出现错误大概率是客户端、服务端配置项问题，仔细对比一下就OK了

五、前人栽树，后人乘凉

六、代码已上传

https://github.com/WinterSir/IdentityServer4.GrantTypesDemo

.NETCoreIdentityServer4

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