Servlet学习


3、Servlet

3.1、servlet简介

  • Servlet是sun公司开发动态web的一门技术
  • Sun在这些API中提供一个接口叫做:Servlet,如果你想开发一个Servlet程序,只需要完成两个小步骤:
    • 编写一个类,实现Servlet接口
    • 把开发好的Java类部署到web服务器中。
  • 把实现了Servlet接口的Java程序叫做,Servlet

3.2、servlet原理

Servlet是由Web服务器调用,web服务器在收到浏览器请求之后,会:

3.3、ServletContext

web容器在启动的时候,它会为每个web程序都创建一个对应的ServletContext对象,它代表了当前的web应用;

3.3.1、共享数据

我在这个Servlet中保存的数据,可以在另外一个servlet中拿到;

public class HelloServlet extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        
        //this.getInitParameter()   初始化参数
        //this.getServletConfig()   Servlet配置
        //this.getServletContext()  Servlet上下文
        ServletContext context = this.getServletContext();

        String username = "张三"; //数据
        context.setAttribute("username",username); //将一个数据保存在了ServletContext中,名字为:username 。值 username

    }

}

public class GetServlet extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        ServletContext context = this.getServletContext();
        String username = (String) context.getAttribute("username");

        resp.setContentType("text/html");
        resp.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
        resp.getWriter().print("名字"+username);

    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doGet(req, resp);
    }
}

    
        hello
        com.kuang.servlet.HelloServlet
    
    
        hello
        /hello
    


    
        getc
        com.kuang.servlet.GetServlet
    
    
        getc
        /getc
    

测试访问结果;

3.3.2、获取初始化参数

    
    
        url
        jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/mybatis
    
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
    ServletContext context = this.getServletContext();
    String url = context.getInitParameter("url");
    resp.getWriter().print(url);
}

3.3.3、请求转发

@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
    ServletContext context = this.getServletContext();
    System.out.println("进入了ServletDemo04");
    //RequestDispatcher requestDispatcher = context.getRequestDispatcher("/gp"); //转发的请求路径
    //requestDispatcher.forward(req,resp); //调用forward实现请求转发;
    context.getRequestDispatcher("/gp").forward(req,resp);
}

3.3.4、读取资源文件

Properties

  • 在java目录下新建properties
  • 在resources目录下新建properties

发现:都被打包到了同一个路径下:classes,我们俗称这个路径为classpath:

思路:需要一个文件流;

username=root12312
password=zxczxczxc
public class ServletDemo05 extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {

        InputStream is = this.getServletContext().getResourceAsStream("/WEB-INF/classes/com/kuang/servlet/aa.properties");

        Properties prop = new Properties();
        prop.load(is);
        String user = prop.getProperty("username");
        String pwd = prop.getProperty("password");

        resp.getWriter().print(user+":"+pwd);

    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doGet(req, resp);
    }
}

访问测试即可ok

3.3.5 重定向与转发的区别

相同点

  • 页面都会实现跳转

不同点

  • 请求转发的时候,url不会产生变化
  • 重定向时候,url地址栏会发生变化;

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