C#设计模式-3结构型模式-3.4组合模式(Composite Pattern)
3.4.1 定义
将对象组合成树形结构以表示“部分-整体”的层次结构,组合模式使得用户对单个对象和组合对象的使用具有一致性
3.4.2 场景模拟
为一家在全国许多城市都有分销机构的大公司做办公管理系统(OA),总部有人力资源、财务、运营等部门,在北京有总部,在全国几大城市设有分公司,比如上海设有华东区分部,一些省会城市设有办事处,如南京办事处,杭州办事处,总公司的人力资源部、财务部等办公管理功能在所有的分公司或办事处都需要有.
3.4.3 场景代码实现
公司类(抽象类或接口):
public abstract class Company { protected string name; public Company(string name) { this.name = name; } public abstract void Add(Company c); public abstract void Remove(Company c); public abstract void Display(int depth); ////// 履行职责 /// public abstract void LineOfDuty(); }
具体公司类 具体树枝类
public class ConcretCompany : Company { private Listchildren = new List (); public ConcretCompany(string name) : base(name) { } public override void Add(Company c) { children.Add(c); } public override void Remove(Company c) { children.Remove(c); } public override void Display(int depth) { Console.WriteLine(new string('-', depth) + name); foreach (Company item in children) { item.Display(depth + 2); } } public override void LineOfDuty() { foreach (Company item in children) { item.LineOfDuty(); } } }
人力资源与财务部类,树叶节点
public class HRDepartment : Company { public HRDepartment(string name) : base(name) { } public override void Add(Company c) { } public override void Remove(Company c) { } public override void Display(int depth) { Console.WriteLine(new string('-',depth)+name); } public override void LineOfDuty() { Console.WriteLine($"{name} 员工招聘培训管理"); } }
public class FinanceDepartment : Company { public FinanceDepartment(string name) : base(name) { } public override void Add(Company c) { } public override void Remove(Company c) { } public override void Display(int depth) { Console.WriteLine(new string('-', depth) + name); } public override void LineOfDuty() { Console.WriteLine($"{name} 公司财务收支管理"); } }
客户端调用类:
class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { ConcretCompany root = new ConcretCompany("北京总公司"); root.Add(new HRDepartment("总公司人力资源部")); root.Add(new FinanceDepartment("总公司财务部")); ConcretCompany comp = new ConcretCompany("上海华东分公司"); comp.Add(new HRDepartment("华东分公司人力资源部")); comp.Add(new FinanceDepartment("华东分公司财务部")); root.Add(comp); ConcretCompany comp1 = new ConcretCompany("南京办事处"); comp1.Add(new HRDepartment("南京办事处人力资源部")); comp1.Add(new FinanceDepartment("南京办事处财务部")); comp.Add(comp1); ConcretCompany comp2 = new ConcretCompany("杭州办事处"); comp2.Add(new HRDepartment("杭州办事处人力资源部")); comp2.Add(new FinanceDepartment("杭州办事处财务部")); comp.Add(comp2); Console.WriteLine("\n结构图:"); root.Display(1); Console.WriteLine("\n职责:"); root.LineOfDuty(); Console.ReadLine(); } }
调用结果:
3.4.4 结构图
3.4.5 通用代码
抽象类:
public abstract class Component { protected string name; public Component(string name) { this.name = name; } public abstract void Add(Component c); public abstract void Remove(Component c); public abstract void Display(int depth); }
具体叶子类:
////// 叶节点 /// public class Leaf : Component { public Leaf(string name) : base(name) { } public override void Add(Component c) { } public override void Remove(Component c) { } /// /// 叶节点的具体方法,这里是显示名称和级别 /// /// public override void Display(int depth) { Console.WriteLine(new string('-', depth) + name); } }
子部件类,下面还有节点
////// 子部件 /// public class Composite : Component { private List children = new List (); public Composite(string name) : base(name) { } public override void Add(Component c) { children.Add(c); } public override void Remove(Component c) { children.Remove(c); } public override void Display(int depth) { Console.WriteLine(new string('-', depth) + name); foreach (Component compnent in children) { compnent.Display(depth + 2); } } }
客户端调用:
class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { Composite root = new Composite("root"); root.Add(new Leaf("Leaf A")); root.Add(new Leaf("Leaf B")); Composite comp = new Composite("Composite X"); comp.Add(new Leaf("Leaf XA")); comp.Add(new Leaf("Leaf XB")); root.Add(comp); Composite comp1 = new Composite("Composite XX"); comp1.Add(new Leaf("Leaf XXA")); comp1.Add(new Leaf("Leaf XXB")); comp.Add(comp1); root.Add(new Leaf("Leaf C")); Leaf leaf = new Leaf("Leaf D"); root.Add(leaf); root.Remove(leaf); root.Display(1); Console.ReadLine(); } }
调用结果:
3.4.6 使用场景
当需求中是体现部分与整体层次的结构时,以及你希望用户可以忽略组合对象与单个对象的不同,统一地使用组合结构中的所有对象时,就应该考虑组合模式