Linux-QT串口通信


  Linux-QT串口通信

  环境:Ubuntu18.04 QT4.8.6

  1. QT新建Qt Console Application

#include 

#include "ThreadTest.h"

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
    QCoreApplication a(argc, argv);

    ThreadTest * thTest = new ThreadTest();
    thTest->start();

    return a.exec();
}

  2. 新建一个串口类SerialPort

  .h文件

#ifndef SERIALPORT_H
#define SERIALPORT_H

#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 
#include <string.h>
#include 
#include 

class SerialPort
{
public:
    // 构造
    SerialPort(QString devName);
    // 析构
    ~SerialPort();

public:
    // 设置波特率等
    int set_port_attr (int  baudrate, int  databit,
                        const char *stopbit, char parity, int vtime,int vmin );
    // 数据位
    void set_data_bit (struct termios *opt, unsigned int databit);
    // 校验位
    void set_parity (struct termios *opt, char parity);
    // 停止位
    void set_stopbit (struct termios *opt, const char *stopbit);
    // 写数据
    int Write(const uchar *data,const int len);
    // 读数据
    int Read(void *data,const int len, const int waitms);
    // 设置波特率
    void set_baudrate (struct termios *opt, uint baudrate);

private:
    int serialPortFd;


};

#endif // SERIALPORT_H

  .CPP文件

#include "SerialPort.h"

// 构造
SerialPort::SerialPort(QString devName)
{
    serialPortFd = open(devName.toAscii().data(), O_RDWR | O_NOCTTY);
    qDebug() << "serialPortFd = " << serialPortFd;

}

// 设置波特率等
int SerialPort::set_port_attr (int  baudrate, int  databit,
                               const char *stopbit, char parity, int vtime,int vmin ){
    struct termios opt;
    tcgetattr(serialPortFd, &opt);
    set_baudrate(&opt, baudrate);
    opt.c_cflag          |= CLOCAL | CREAD;      /* | CRTSCTS */
    set_data_bit(&opt, databit);
    set_parity(&opt, parity);
    set_stopbit(&opt, stopbit);
    opt.c_oflag          = 0;
    //opt.c_lflag           |= 0;
    opt.c_lflag &= ~(ICANON | ECHO | ECHOE);
    opt.c_oflag          &= ~OPOST;
    opt.c_cc[VTIME]     = vtime;
    opt.c_cc[VMIN]      = vmin;
    tcflush (serialPortFd, TCIFLUSH);
    return (tcsetattr (serialPortFd, TCSANOW, &opt));
}

// 设置波特率
void SerialPort::set_baudrate (struct termios *opt, uint baudrate)
{
    cfsetispeed(opt, baudrate);
    cfsetospeed(opt, baudrate);
}

// 数据位
void SerialPort::set_data_bit (struct termios *opt, unsigned int databit)
{
    opt->c_cflag &= ~CSIZE;
    switch (databit) {
    case 8:
        opt->c_cflag |= CS8;
        break;
    case 7:
        opt->c_cflag |= CS7;
        break;
    case 6:
        opt->c_cflag |= CS6;
        break;
    case 5:
        opt->c_cflag |= CS5;
        break;
    default:
        opt->c_cflag |= CS8;
        break;
    }
}

// 校验位
void SerialPort::set_parity (struct termios *opt, char parity)
{
    switch (parity) {
    case 'N':                                              /* 无校验        */
    case 'n':
        opt->c_cflag &= ~PARENB;
        break;
    case 'E':                                              /* 偶校验        */
    case 'e':
        opt->c_cflag |= PARENB;
        opt->c_cflag &= ~PARODD;
        break;
    case 'O':                                              /* 奇校验            */
    case 'o':
        opt->c_cflag |= PARENB;
        opt->c_cflag |= ~PARODD;
        break;
    default:                                                 /* 其它选择为无校验 */
        opt->c_cflag &= ~PARENB;
        break;
    }
}

// 停止位
void SerialPort::set_stopbit (struct termios *opt, const char *stopbit)
{
    if (0 == strcmp (stopbit, "1")) {
        opt->c_cflag &= ~CSTOPB;                            /* 1位停止位t         */
    }  else if (0 == strcmp (stopbit, "1.5")) {
        opt->c_cflag &= ~CSTOPB;                            /* 1.5位停止位    */
    }  else if (0 == strcmp (stopbit, "2")) {
        opt->c_cflag |= CSTOPB;
    }  else {
        opt->c_cflag &= ~CSTOPB;                             /* 1 位停止位        */
    }
}

// 写数据
int SerialPort::Write(const uchar *data,const int len){
    int returnLength = write(serialPortFd, data, len);                        /* 向串口发送字符串            */
    return returnLength;
}
// 读数据  waitms超时时间
int SerialPort::Read(void *data,const int len, const int waitms){
    fd_set inputs;
    struct timeval timeout;
    FD_ZERO(&inputs);
    FD_SET(serialPortFd,&inputs);
    timeout.tv_sec = waitms/1000;
    timeout.tv_usec = (waitms%1000)*1000;
    int returnLength = select(FD_SETSIZE,&inputs,(fd_set *)NULL,(fd_set *)NULL,&timeout);
    if (returnLength == 0){
        //qDebug() << "read timeout!\n";
        return -1;
    }
    //qDebug() << "ComDevice::Read  5";
    if (returnLength == -1){
        qDebug() << "select read device error!\n";
        return -2;
    }

    returnLength = read(serialPortFd, data, len);                        /* 在串口读取字符串            */
    return returnLength;
}

// 析构
SerialPort::~SerialPort(){

}

  3. 请求串口数据的线程类ThreadTest

  .h文件

#ifndef THREADTEST_H
#define THREADTEST_H

#include 
#include 

#include "SerialPort.h"

class ThreadTest : public QThread
{
public:
    ThreadTest();
    ~ThreadTest();

private:
    // 线程
    virtual void run();
    // 请求实时数据
    void RequestRealData();
    // 打印数据
    void PrintData(QString str, uchar *data, int length);

private:
    // 校验和,左闭右开
    ushort GetCheckSum(uchar * data, int startIndex, int endIndex);
    // 十六进制转ASCII
    uchar CharToAscii(uchar bHex);
    // ASCII转十六进制
    uchar AsciiToChar(uchar bChar);

private:
    // 串口
    SerialPort * serialPort;
};

#endif // THREADTEST_H

  .CPP文件

#include "ThreadTest.h"

ThreadTest::ThreadTest()
{
    serialPort = new SerialPort("/dev/ttymxc5");
    serialPort->set_port_attr(9600, 8, "1", 'N',20,255);
}

// 线程
void ThreadTest::run(){
    while (TRUE) {
        RequestRealData();
        sleep(2);
    }
}

// 请求实时数据
void ThreadTest::RequestRealData(){
    // 清除串口内存中数据
//    uchar clearData[148];
//    int clearLen = serialPort->Read(clearData, 148, 1000);
//    qDebug() << "clearLen = " << clearLen;

    uchar dataReq[18] = {0x7E,0x31,0x31,0x30,0x31,0x32,0x41,0x34,0x34,0x30,0x30,0x30,0x30,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x0D };
    ushort checkSum = GetCheckSum(dataReq, 1, 13);
    dataReq[13] = CharToAscii((checkSum >> 12)&0x0F);
    dataReq[14] = CharToAscii((checkSum >> 8)&0x0F);
    dataReq[15] = CharToAscii((checkSum >> 4)&0x0F);
    dataReq[16] = CharToAscii((checkSum >> 0)&0x0F);

    PrintData(QDateTime::currentDateTime().toString("yyyy.MM.dd hh:mm:ss.zzz") + " Send: ",
              dataReq, 18);
    // 2020.12.04 02:58:35

    serialPort->Write(dataReq, 18);

    usleep(20 * 1000);
    uchar realDataAck[148];
    int ret1 = serialPort->Read(realDataAck, 148, 1000);
    int ret2 = 0;
//    if(ret1 < 148){
//        ret1 = ret1 < 0 ? 0 : ret1;
//        usleep(1000 * 100);
//        ret2 = serialPort->Read(realDataAck+ret1, 148-ret1, 1000);
//    }

    if(ret1+ret2 <= 0){
        return;
    }

    PrintData(QDateTime::currentDateTime().toString("yyyy.MM.dd hh:mm:ss.zzz") + " Revice: ",
              realDataAck, ret1+ret2);

    // ParseAlarmDataAck(realDataAck, ret1);
}

// 校验和,左闭右开
ushort ThreadTest::GetCheckSum(uchar * data, int startIndex, int endIndex){
    ushort sum = 0;
    for(int i = startIndex; i < endIndex; i++){
        sum += data[i];
    }

    sum = (~sum) + 1;
    return sum;
}

// 十六进制转ASCII
uchar ThreadTest::CharToAscii(uchar bHex){
    if((bHex>=0)&&(bHex<=9)){
        return bHex + 0x30;
    }

    return bHex += 0x37;
}

// ASCII转十六进制
uchar ThreadTest::AsciiToChar(uchar bChar){
    if((bChar>=0x30)&&(bChar<=0x39)){
        return bChar - 0x30;
    }else if((bChar>=0x41)&&(bChar<=0x46)){
        // Capital
        return bChar - 0x37;
    }

    // littlecase
    return bChar - 0x57;
}

// 打印数据
void ThreadTest::PrintData(QString str, uchar *data, int length){
    // return;

    for(int i = 0; i < length; i++){
        str += QString("%1 ").arg(data[i], 2, 16, QLatin1Char('0'));
    }

    qDebug() << "R:\t" << str;
}

ThreadTest::~ThreadTest()
{
    if(serialPort != NULL){
        delete serialPort;
        serialPort = NULL;
    }
}

  相关注释代码中都有了,相对比较简单,主要是读写操作,借用了一个实例,有些BCD码的转换和校验位的处理,实际操作中可以替换掉处理。

  注意事项:

    串口名字肯定是不一样的,图纸上都会有;

    检验位、数据位、奇偶校验这些设置;

    超时时间;

    请求数据的长度,接收数据的长度,这些不如在Windows上好用,都是需要自己注意处理的,有些代码是屏蔽的,比如是请求两次达到你想要的长度,这些可以防止一次请求不完;

    读请求应答ParseAlarmDataAck这个屏蔽的方法可以用来处理数据,这儿只是打印显示了下;

  下面是测试用例,

  运行环境:ARM V7开发板 232串口

  1. 开发板接出线转USB接入到电脑上,打开电脑调试软件,如下图所示,波特率、校验位设置好,打开串口就可以读取到数据了;  

  

   2. 设置串口调试软件发送数据,点击收到回答后发下一帧,即在接收到串口的数据就发一帧应答数据,发送区2,点击自动发,16进制发送;发送区1 2 3都是独立的,都可以发送,咱们用一个即可;

   

  3. 查看开发板上打印的日志,即接收到的数据,打印的Send是发送的数据,Revice就是接收到的数据,接收到数据之后,自己写一个ParseAlarmDataAck方法就可以处理数据啦,根据具体协议来操作;

   

   

R: "2020.12.13 06:34:11.217 Send: 7e 31 31 30 31 32 41 34 34 30 30 30 30 46 44 41 32 0d "
R: "2020.12.13 06:34:11.239 Revice: 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 46 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 46 31 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 45 34 45 42 0a 7e 31 31 30 31 32 41 30 30 36 30 38 32 31 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 46 30 30 30 33 38 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 "

   相对比较简单,QT5是有了自带的串口操作类,但貌似用QT4.8.6的更多呀...

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