spring-boot-2.0.3之quartz集成，不是你想的那样哦！
开心一刻
晚上回家，爸妈正在吵架，见我回来就都不说话了
看见我妈坐在那里瞪着我爸，我就问老爸：“你干什么了惹我妈生这么大气?”
我爸说：“没有什么啊，倒是你，这么大了还没有媳妇，要是你有媳妇给我们生一个孙子玩，我们致于吵架吗？”
我一听就感觉要坏，老爸你这是来了一招调虎离山啊，实力坑儿子啊
果然我妈改瞪我了，然后完全不理我爸，直接指着我开骂了……
java定时任务调度的实现方式
Timer
这个相信大家都有用过，我也用过，但用的不多；
特点是：简单易用，但由于所有任务都是由同一个线程来调度，因此所有任务都是串行执行的，同一时间只能有一个任务在执行，前一个任务的延迟或异常都将会影响到之后的任务；能实现简单的定时任务，稍微复杂点（或要求高一些）的定时任务却不好实现。
ScheduledExecutor
这个我相信大家也都用过，而且用的比Timer多；正是鉴于Timer的缺陷，Java 5推出了基于线程池设计的ScheduledExecutor；
特点：每一个被调度的任务都会由线程池中一个线程去执行，因此任务是并发执行的，相互之间不会受到干扰。需要注意的是，只有当任务的执行时间到来时，ScheduedExecutor 才会真正启动一个线程，其余时间 ScheduledExecutor 都是在轮询任务的状态。
虽然用ScheduledExecutor和Calendar能够实现复杂任务调度，但实现起来还是比较麻烦，对开发还是不够友善。
Spring Scheduler
spring对任务调度的实现支持，可以指定任务的执行时间，但对任务队列和线程池的管控较弱；一般集成于项目中，小任务很方便。
JCronTab
JCronTab则是一款完全按照crontab语法编写的java任务调度工具。
特点：
可指定任务的执行时间；
提供完全按照Unix的UNIX-POSIX crontab的格式来规定时间；
支持多种任务调度的持久化方法，包括普通文件、数据库以及 XML 文件进行持久化；
JCronTab内置了发邮件功能，可以将任务执行结果方便地发送给需要被通知的人；
设计和部署是高性能并可扩展。
Quartz
本文主角，请往下看
当然还有XXL-JOB、Elastic-Job、Saturn等等
quartz相关概念
Scheduler：调度器，进行任务调度；quartz的大脑
Job：业务job，亦可称业务组件；定时任务的具体执行业务需要实现此接口，调度器会调用此接口的execute方法完成我们的定时业务
JobDetail：用来定义业务Job的实例，我们可以称之为quartz job，很多时候我们谈到的job指的是JobDetail
Trigger：触发器，用来定义一个指定的Job何时被执行
JobBuilder：Job构建器，用来定义或创建JobDetail的实例；JobDetail限定了只能是Job的实例
TriggerBuilder：触发器构建器，用来定义或创建触发器的实例
具体为什么要分这么细，大家可以去查阅下相关资料，你会发现很多东西
工程实现
pom.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> 4.0.0 com.lee spring-boot-quartz 1.0-SNAPSHOT 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.1.10 1.2.5 1.1.10 org.springframework.boot spring-boot-starter-parent 2.0.3.RELEASE org.springframework.boot spring-boot-starter-web org.springframework.boot spring-boot-starter-thymeleaf org.springframework.boot spring-boot-starter-quartz com.alibaba druid-spring-boot-starter ${druid.version} mysql mysql-connector-java com.github.pagehelper pagehelper-spring-boot-starter ${pagehelper.version} org.springframework.boot spring-boot-starter-logging * * test ch.qos.logback logback-classic org.projectlombok lombok true spring-boot-quartz org.springframework.boot spring-boot-maven-plugin
application.xml
server: port: 9001 servlet: context-path: /quartz spring: thymeleaf: mode: HTML cache: false #连接池配置 datasource: type: com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource druid: driver-class-name: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/spring-boot-quartz?useSSL=false&useUnicode=true username: root password: 123456 initial-size: 1 #连接池初始大小 max-active: 20 #连接池中最大的活跃连接数 min-idle: 1 #连接池中最小的活跃连接数 max-wait: 60000 #配置获取连接等待超时的时间 pool-prepared-statements: true #打开PSCache，并且指定每个连接上PSCache的大小 max-pool-prepared-statement-per-connection-size: 20 validation-query: SELECT 1 FROM DUAL validation-query-timeout: 30000 test-on-borrow: false #是否在获得连接后检测其可用性 test-on-return: false #是否在连接放回连接池后检测其可用性 test-while-idle: true #是否在连接空闲一段时间后检测其可用性 quartz: #相关属性配置 properties: org: quartz: scheduler: instanceName: quartzScheduler instanceId: AUTO jobStore: class: org.quartz.impl.jdbcjobstore.JobStoreTX driverDelegateClass: org.quartz.impl.jdbcjobstore.StdJDBCDelegate tablePrefix: QRTZ_ isClustered: false clusterCheckinInterval: 10000 useProperties: false threadPool: class: org.quartz.simpl.SimpleThreadPool threadCount: 10 threadPriority: 5 threadsInheritContextClassLoaderOfInitializingThread: true #数据库方式 job-store-type: JDBC #初始化表结构 jdbc: initialize-schema: NEVER #mybatis配置 mybatis: type-aliases-package: com.lee.quartz.entity mapper-locations: classpath:mybatis/mapper/*.xml #分页配置, pageHelper是物理分页插件 pagehelper: #4.0.0以后版本可以不设置该参数，该示例中是5.1.4 helper-dialect: mysql #启用合理化，如果pageNum<1会查询第一页，如果pageNum>pages会查询最后一页 reasonable: true logging: level: com.lee.quartz.mapper: debug
这样，quartz就配置好了，应用里面直接用即可
JobController.java
package com.lee.quartz.web; import com.github.pagehelper.PageInfo; import com.lee.quartz.common.Result; import com.lee.quartz.entity.QuartzJob; import com.lee.quartz.service.IJobService; import org.slf4j.Logger; import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PostMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController; @RestController @RequestMapping("/job") public class JobController { private final static Logger LOGGER = LoggerFactory.getLogger(JobController.class); @Autowired private IJobService jobService; @SuppressWarnings({ "unchecked", "rawtypes" }) @PostMapping("/add") public Result save(QuartzJob quartz){ LOGGER.info("新增任务"); Result result = jobService.saveJob(quartz); return result; } @PostMapping("/list") public PageInfo list(String jobName,Integer pageNo,Integer pageSize){ LOGGER.info("任务列表"); PageInfo pageInfo = jobService.listQuartzJob(jobName, pageNo, pageSize); return pageInfo; } @PostMapping("/trigger") public Result trigger(String jobName, String jobGroup) { LOGGER.info("触发任务"); Result result = jobService.triggerJob(jobName, jobGroup); return result; } @PostMapping("/pause") public Result pause(String jobName, String jobGroup) { LOGGER.info("停止任务"); Result result = jobService.pauseJob(jobName, jobGroup); return result; } @PostMapping("/resume") public Result resume(String jobName, String jobGroup) { LOGGER.info("恢复任务"); Result result = jobService.resumeJob(jobName, jobGroup); return result; } @PostMapping("/remove") public Result remove(String jobName, String jobGroup) { LOGGER.info("移除任务"); Result result = jobService.removeJob(jobName, jobGroup); return result; } }
JobServiceImpl.java
package com.lee.quartz.service.impl; import com.github.pagehelper.PageHelper; import com.github.pagehelper.PageInfo; import com.lee.quartz.common.Result; import com.lee.quartz.entity.QuartzJob; import com.lee.quartz.mapper.JobMapper; import com.lee.quartz.service.IJobService; import org.quartz.*; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.stereotype.Service; import java.util.List; @Service public class JobServiceImpl implements IJobService { @Autowired private Scheduler scheduler; @Autowired private JobMapper jobMapper; @Override public PageInfo listQuartzJob(String jobName, Integer pageNum, Integer pageSize) { PageHelper.startPage(pageNum, pageSize); ListjobList = jobMapper.listJob(jobName); PageInfo pageInfo = new PageInfo(jobList); return pageInfo; } @Override public Result saveJob(QuartzJob quartz){ try { //如果是修改 展示旧的 任务 if(quartz.getOldJobGroup() != null && !"".equals(quartz.getOldJobGroup())){ JobKey key = new JobKey(quartz.getOldJobName(),quartz.getOldJobGroup()); scheduler.deleteJob(key); } //构建job信息 Class cls = Class.forName(quartz.getJobClassName()) ; cls.newInstance(); JobDetail job = JobBuilder.newJob(cls).withIdentity(quartz.getJobName(), quartz.getJobGroup()) .withDescription(quartz.getDescription()).build(); // 触发时间点 CronScheduleBuilder cronScheduleBuilder = CronScheduleBuilder.cronSchedule(quartz.getCronExpression().trim()); Trigger trigger = TriggerBuilder.newTrigger().withIdentity("trigger"+quartz.getJobName(), quartz.getJobGroup()) .startNow().withSchedule(cronScheduleBuilder).build(); //交由Scheduler安排触发 scheduler.scheduleJob(job, trigger); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); return Result.error(); } return Result.ok(); } @Override public Result triggerJob(String jobName, String jobGroup) { JobKey key = new JobKey(jobName,jobGroup); try { scheduler.triggerJob(key); } catch (SchedulerException e) { e.printStackTrace(); return Result.error(); } return Result.ok(); } @Override public Result pauseJob(String jobName, String jobGroup) { JobKey key = new JobKey(jobName,jobGroup); try { scheduler.pauseJob(key); } catch (SchedulerException e) { e.printStackTrace(); return Result.error(); } return Result.ok(); } @Override public Result resumeJob(String jobName, String jobGroup) { JobKey key = new JobKey(jobName,jobGroup); try { scheduler.resumeJob(key); } catch (SchedulerException e) { e.printStackTrace(); return Result.error(); } return Result.ok(); } @Override public Result removeJob(String jobName, String jobGroup) { try { TriggerKey triggerKey = TriggerKey.triggerKey(jobName, jobGroup); // 停止触发器 scheduler.pauseTrigger(triggerKey); // 移除触发器 scheduler.unscheduleJob(triggerKey); // 删除任务 scheduler.deleteJob(JobKey.jobKey(jobName, jobGroup)); System.out.println("removeJob:"+JobKey.jobKey(jobName)); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); return Result.error(); } return Result.ok(); } }
主要就是以上文件，详情请查看spring-boot-quartz
工程里面数据源用的druid，springboot默认也会将该数据源应用到quartz，如果想给quartz单独配置数据源，可配合@QuartzDataSource来实现（更多quarz数据源问题，请查看）
最终效果如下
trigger状态
org.quartz.impl.jdbcjobstore.Constants中存放了一些列的常量，源代码如下
/* * All content copyright Terracotta, Inc., unless otherwise indicated. All rights reserved. * * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not * use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy * of the License at * * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 * * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT * WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the * License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations * under the License. * */ package org.quartz.impl.jdbcjobstore; /** ** This interface can be implemented by any
@link * org.quartz.impl.jdbcjobstore.DriverDelegate} * class that needs to use the constants contained herein. * * * @author Jeffrey Wescott * @author James House */ public interface Constants { /* * ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ * * Constants. * * ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ */ // Table names String TABLE_JOB_DETAILS = "JOB_DETAILS"; String TABLE_TRIGGERS = "TRIGGERS"; String TABLE_SIMPLE_TRIGGERS = "SIMPLE_TRIGGERS"; String TABLE_CRON_TRIGGERS = "CRON_TRIGGERS"; String TABLE_BLOB_TRIGGERS = "BLOB_TRIGGERS"; String TABLE_FIRED_TRIGGERS = "FIRED_TRIGGERS"; String TABLE_CALENDARS = "CALENDARS"; String TABLE_PAUSED_TRIGGERS = "PAUSED_TRIGGER_GRPS"; String TABLE_LOCKS = "LOCKS"; String TABLE_SCHEDULER_STATE = "SCHEDULER_STATE"; // TABLE_JOB_DETAILS columns names String COL_SCHEDULER_NAME = "SCHED_NAME"; String COL_JOB_NAME = "JOB_NAME"; String COL_JOB_GROUP = "JOB_GROUP"; String COL_IS_DURABLE = "IS_DURABLE"; String COL_IS_VOLATILE = "IS_VOLATILE"; String COL_IS_NONCONCURRENT = "IS_NONCONCURRENT"; String COL_IS_UPDATE_DATA = "IS_UPDATE_DATA"; String COL_REQUESTS_RECOVERY = "REQUESTS_RECOVERY"; String COL_JOB_DATAMAP = "JOB_DATA"; String COL_JOB_CLASS = "JOB_CLASS_NAME"; String COL_DESCRIPTION = "DESCRIPTION"; // TABLE_TRIGGERS columns names String COL_TRIGGER_NAME = "TRIGGER_NAME"; String COL_TRIGGER_GROUP = "TRIGGER_GROUP"; String COL_NEXT_FIRE_TIME = "NEXT_FIRE_TIME"; String COL_PREV_FIRE_TIME = "PREV_FIRE_TIME"; String COL_TRIGGER_STATE = "TRIGGER_STATE"; String COL_TRIGGER_TYPE = "TRIGGER_TYPE"; String COL_START_TIME = "START_TIME"; String COL_END_TIME = "END_TIME"; String COL_PRIORITY = "PRIORITY"; String COL_MISFIRE_INSTRUCTION = "MISFIRE_INSTR"; String ALIAS_COL_NEXT_FIRE_TIME = "ALIAS_NXT_FR_TM"; // TABLE_SIMPLE_TRIGGERS columns names String COL_REPEAT_COUNT = "REPEAT_COUNT"; String COL_REPEAT_INTERVAL = "REPEAT_INTERVAL"; String COL_TIMES_TRIGGERED = "TIMES_TRIGGERED"; // TABLE_CRON_TRIGGERS columns names String COL_CRON_EXPRESSION = "CRON_EXPRESSION"; // TABLE_BLOB_TRIGGERS columns names String COL_BLOB = "BLOB_DATA"; String COL_TIME_ZONE_ID = "TIME_ZONE_ID"; // TABLE_FIRED_TRIGGERS columns names String COL_INSTANCE_NAME = "INSTANCE_NAME"; String COL_FIRED_TIME = "FIRED_TIME"; String COL_SCHED_TIME = "SCHED_TIME"; String COL_ENTRY_ID = "ENTRY_ID"; String COL_ENTRY_STATE = "STATE"; // TABLE_CALENDARS columns names String COL_CALENDAR_NAME = "CALENDAR_NAME"; String COL_CALENDAR = "CALENDAR"; // TABLE_LOCKS columns names String COL_LOCK_NAME = "LOCK_NAME"; // TABLE_LOCKS columns names String COL_LAST_CHECKIN_TIME = "LAST_CHECKIN_TIME"; String COL_CHECKIN_INTERVAL = "CHECKIN_INTERVAL"; // MISC CONSTANTS String DEFAULT_TABLE_PREFIX = "QRTZ_"; // STATES String STATE_WAITING = "WAITING"; String STATE_ACQUIRED = "ACQUIRED"; String STATE_EXECUTING = "EXECUTING"; String STATE_COMPLETE = "COMPLETE"; String STATE_BLOCKED = "BLOCKED"; String STATE_ERROR = "ERROR"; String STATE_PAUSED = "PAUSED"; String STATE_PAUSED_BLOCKED = "PAUSED_BLOCKED"; String STATE_DELETED = "DELETED"; /** * @deprecated Whether a trigger has misfired is no longer a state, but * rather now identified dynamically by whether the trigger's next fire * time is more than the misfire threshold time in the past. */ String STATE_MISFIRED = "MISFIRED"; String ALL_GROUPS_PAUSED = "_$_ALL_GROUPS_PAUSED_$_"; // TRIGGER TYPES /** Simple Trigger type. */ String TTYPE_SIMPLE = "SIMPLE"; /** Cron Trigger type. */ String TTYPE_CRON = "CRON"; /** Calendar Interval Trigger type. */ String TTYPE_CAL_INT = "CAL_INT"; /** Daily Time Interval Trigger type. */ String TTYPE_DAILY_TIME_INT = "DAILY_I"; /** A general blob Trigger type. */ String TTYPE_BLOB = "BLOB"; } // EOF{
里面有quartz的表名、各个表包含的列名、trigger状态、trigger类型等内容
状态包括
WAITING：等待中
ACQUIRED：将触发，此时还未到trigger真正的触发时刻
EXECUTING：触发，亦可理解成执行中，trigger真正的触发时刻
COMPLETE：完成，不再触发
BLOCKED：受阻，不允许并发执行job时会出现（@DisallowConcurrentExecution）
ERROR：出错
PAUSED：暂停中
PAUSED_BLOCKED：暂停受阻，不允许并发执行job时会出现（@DisallowConcurrentExecution）
DELETED：已删除
MISFIRED：触发失败，已弃用，有另外的替代方式
状态变化流程图如下所示
trigger的初始状态是WAITING，处于WAITING状态的trigger等待被触发。调度线程会不停地扫triggers表，根据NEXT_FIRE_TIME提前拉取即将触发的trigger，如果这个trigger被该调度线程拉取到，它的状态就会变为ACQUIRED。因为是提前拉取trigger，并未到达trigger真正的触发时刻，所以调度线程会等到真正触发的时刻，再将trigger状态由ACQUIRED改为EXECUTING。如果这个trigger不再执行，就将状态改为COMPLETE,否则为WAITING，开始新的周期。如果这个周期中的任何环节抛出异常，trigger的状态会变成ERROR。如果手动暂停这个trigger，状态会变成PAUSED。
总结
Quartz作为一个开源的作业调度框架，提供了巨大的灵活性而不牺牲简单性。我们能够用它来为执行一个作业而创建简单的或复杂的调度。它有很多特征，如：数据库、集群、插件、JavaMail支持，EJB作业预构建，支持cron-like表达式等等；
springboot集成quartz非常简单，最简单的情况下只需要引入依赖我们就可以享受quartz提供的功能，springboot默认会帮我们配置好quartz；当然我们也可以自定义配置来实现quartz的定制；
参考
几种任务调度的Java实现方法与比较
小柒2012 / spring-boot-quartz
boot-features-quartz
作业调度系统—Quartz
记一次Quartz重复调度(任务重复执行)的问题排查
Quartz FAQ