认证、权限和限制

REST framework 提供了一些开箱即用的身份验证方案，并且还允许你实现自定义方案。

接下类我们就自己动手实现一个基于Token的认证方案：

自定义Token认证

定义一个用户表和一个保存用户Token的表：

class UserInfo(models.Model):
    username = models.CharField(max_length=16)
    password = models.CharField(max_length=32)
    type = models.SmallIntegerField(
        choices=((1, '普通用户'), (2, 'VIP用户')),
        default=1
    )


class Token(models.Model):
    user = models.OneToOneField(to='UserInfo')
    token_code = models.CharField(max_length=128)

定义一个登录视图：

from rest_framework.authentication import BaseAuthentication
from rest_framework.exceptions import AuthenticationFailed


class MyAuth(BaseAuthentication):
    def authenticate(self, request):
        if request.method in ["POST", "PUT", "DELETE"]:
            request_token = request.data.get("token", None)
            if not request_token:
                raise AuthenticationFailed('缺少token')
            token_obj = models.Token.objects.filter(token_code=request_token).first()
            if not token_obj:
                raise AuthenticationFailed('无效的token')
            return token_obj.user.username, None
        else:
            return None, None

视图级别认证

# 在settings.py中配置
REST_FRAMEWORK = {
    "DEFAULT_AUTHENTICATION_CLASSES": ["app01.utils.MyAuth", ]
}

权限

# 自定义权限
class MyPermission(BasePermission):
    message = 'VIP用户才能访问'

    def has_permission(self, request, view):
        """
        自定义权限只有VIP用户才能访问
        """
        # 因为在进行权限判断之前已经做了认证判断，所以这里可以直接拿到request.user
        if request.user and request.user.type == 2:  # 如果是VIP用户
            return True
        else:
            return False

视图级别配置

# 在settings.py中设置rest framework相关配置项
REST_FRAMEWORK = {
    "DEFAULT_AUTHENTICATION_CLASSES": ["app01.utils.MyAuth", ],
    "DEFAULT_PERMISSION_CLASSES": ["app01.utils.MyPermission", ]
}

限制

VISIT_RECORD = {}
# 自定义限制
class MyThrottle(object):

    def __init__(self):
        self.history = None

    def allow_request(self, request, view):
        """
        自定义频率限制60秒内只能访问三次
        """
        # 获取用户IP
        ip = request.META.get("REMOTE_ADDR")
        timestamp = time.time()
        if ip not in VISIT_RECORD:
            VISIT_RECORD[ip] = [timestamp, ]
            return True
        history = VISIT_RECORD[ip]
        self.history = history
        history.insert(0, timestamp)
        while history and history[-1] < timestamp - 60:
            history.pop()
        if len(history) > 3:
            return False
        else:
            return True

    def wait(self):
        """
        限制时间还剩多少
        """
        timestamp = time.time()
        return 60 - (timestamp - self.history[-1])

视图使用

# 在settings.py中设置rest framework相关配置项
REST_FRAMEWORK = {
    "DEFAULT_AUTHENTICATION_CLASSES": ["app01.utils.MyAuth", ],
    "DEFAULT_PERMISSION_CLASSES": ["app01.utils.MyPermission", ]
    "DEFAULT_THROTTLE_CLASSES": ["app01.utils.MyThrottle", ]
}

使用内置限制类

# 在settings.py中设置rest framework相关配置项
REST_FRAMEWORK = {
    "DEFAULT_AUTHENTICATION_CLASSES": ["app01.utils.MyAuth", ],
    # "DEFAULT_PERMISSION_CLASSES": ["app01.utils.MyPermission", ]
    "DEFAULT_THROTTLE_CLASSES": ["app01.utils.VisitThrottle", ],
    "DEFAULT_THROTTLE_RATES": {
        "xxx": "5/m",
    }
}