利用ViewHolder优化自定义Adapter的典型写法

　　最近写Adapter写得多了，慢慢就熟悉了。

　　用ViewHolder，主要是进行一些性能优化，减少一些不必要的重复操作。（WXD同学教我的。）

　　具体不分析了，直接上一份代码吧：

public class MarkerItemAdapter extends BaseAdapter
{
    private Context mContext = null;
    private List mMarkerData = null;

    public MarkerItemAdapter(Context context, List markerItems)
    {
        mContext = context;
        mMarkerData = markerItems;
    }

    public void setMarkerData(List markerItems)
    {
        mMarkerData = markerItems;
    }

    @Override
    public int getCount()
    {
        int count = 0;
        if (null != mMarkerData)
        {
            count = mMarkerData.size();
        }
        return count;
    }

    @Override
    public MarkerItem getItem(int position)
    {
        MarkerItem item = null;

        if (null != mMarkerData)
        {
            item = mMarkerData.get(position);
        }

        return item;
    }

    @Override
    public long getItemId(int position)
    {
        return position;
    }

    @Override
    public View getView(int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent)
    {
        ViewHolder viewHolder = null;
        if (null == convertView)
        {
            viewHolder = new ViewHolder();
            LayoutInflater mInflater = LayoutInflater.from(mContext);
            convertView = mInflater.inflate(R.layout.item_marker_item, null);

            viewHolder.name = (TextView) convertView.findViewById(R.id.name);
            viewHolder.description = (TextView) convertView
                    .findViewById(R.id.description);
            viewHolder.createTime = (TextView) convertView
                    .findViewById(R.id.createTime);

            convertView.setTag(viewHolder);
        }
        else
        {
            viewHolder = (ViewHolder) convertView.getTag();
        }

        // set item values to the viewHolder:

        MarkerItem markerItem = getItem(position);
        if (null != markerItem)
        {
            viewHolder.name.setText(markerItem.getName());
            viewHolder.description.setText(markerItem.getDescription());
            viewHolder.createTime.setText(markerItem.getCreateDate());
        }

        return convertView;
    }

    private static class ViewHolder
    {
        TextView name;
        TextView description;
        TextView createTime;
    }

}

　　其中MarkerItem是自定义的类，其中包含name，description，createTime等字段，并且有相应的get和set方法。

　　ViewHolder是一个内部类，其中包含了单个项目布局中的各个控件。

　　单个项目的布局，即R.layout.item_marker_item如下：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:layout_width="fill_parent"
    android:layout_height="fill_parent"
    android:orientation="vertical" 
    android:padding="5dp">

    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/name"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="Name"
        android:textSize="20sp"
        android:textStyle="bold" />

    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/description"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="Description"
        android:textSize="18sp" />

    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/createTime"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="CreateTime"
        android:textSize="16sp" />

LinearLayout>

官方的API Demos中也有这个例子：

package com.example.android.apis.view中的List14：

/*
 * Copyright (C) 2008 The Android Open Source Project
 *
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */

package com.example.android.apis.view;

import android.app.ListActivity;
import android.content.Context;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.LayoutInflater;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.ViewGroup;
import android.widget.BaseAdapter;
import android.widget.TextView;
import android.widget.ImageView;
import android.graphics.BitmapFactory;
import android.graphics.Bitmap;
import com.example.android.apis.R;

/**
 * Demonstrates how to write an efficient list adapter. The adapter used in this example binds
 * to an ImageView and to a TextView for each row in the list.
 *
 * To work efficiently the adapter implemented here uses two techniques:
 * - It reuses the convertView passed to getView() to avoid inflating View when it is not necessary
 * - It uses the ViewHolder pattern to avoid calling findViewById() when it is not necessary
 *
 * The ViewHolder pattern consists in storing a data structure in the tag of the view returned by
 * getView(). This data structures contains references to the views we want to bind data to, thus
 * avoiding calls to findViewById() every time getView() is invoked.
 */
public class List14 extends ListActivity {

    private static class EfficientAdapter extends BaseAdapter {
        private LayoutInflater mInflater;
        private Bitmap mIcon1;
        private Bitmap mIcon2;

        public EfficientAdapter(Context context) {
            // Cache the LayoutInflate to avoid asking for a new one each time.
            mInflater = LayoutInflater.from(context);

            // Icons bound to the rows.
            mIcon1 = BitmapFactory.decodeResource(context.getResources(), R.drawable.icon48x48_1);
            mIcon2 = BitmapFactory.decodeResource(context.getResources(), R.drawable.icon48x48_2);
        }

        /**
         * The number of items in the list is determined by the number of speeches
         * in our array.
         *
         * @see android.widget.ListAdapter#getCount()
         */
        public int getCount() {
            return DATA.length;
        }

        /**
         * Since the data comes from an array, just returning the index is
         * sufficent to get at the data. If we were using a more complex data
         * structure, we would return whatever object represents one row in the
         * list.
         *
         * @see android.widget.ListAdapter#getItem(int)
         */
        public Object getItem(int position) {
            return position;
        }

        /**
         * Use the array index as a unique id.
         *
         * @see android.widget.ListAdapter#getItemId(int)
         */
        public long getItemId(int position) {
            return position;
        }

        /**
         * Make a view to hold each row.
         *
         * @see android.widget.ListAdapter#getView(int, android.view.View,
         *      android.view.ViewGroup)
         */
        public View getView(int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent) {
            // A ViewHolder keeps references to children views to avoid unneccessary calls
            // to findViewById() on each row.
            ViewHolder holder;

            // When convertView is not null, we can reuse it directly, there is no need
            // to reinflate it. We only inflate a new View when the convertView supplied
            // by ListView is null.
            if (convertView == null) {
                convertView = mInflater.inflate(R.layout.list_item_icon_text, null);

                // Creates a ViewHolder and store references to the two children views
                // we want to bind data to.
                holder = new ViewHolder();
                holder.text = (TextView) convertView.findViewById(R.id.text);
                holder.icon = (ImageView) convertView.findViewById(R.id.icon);

                convertView.setTag(holder);
            } else {
                // Get the ViewHolder back to get fast access to the TextView
                // and the ImageView.
                holder = (ViewHolder) convertView.getTag();
            }

            // Bind the data efficiently with the holder.
            holder.text.setText(DATA[position]);
            holder.icon.setImageBitmap((position & 1) == 1 ? mIcon1 : mIcon2);

            return convertView;
        }

        static class ViewHolder {
            TextView text;
            ImageView icon;
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setListAdapter(new EfficientAdapter(this));
    }

    private static final String[] DATA = Cheeses.sCheeseStrings;
}

 　　其中布局：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>


<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:orientation="horizontal"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent">

    <ImageView android:id="@+id/icon"
        android:layout_width="48dip"
        android:layout_height="48dip" />

    <TextView android:id="@+id/text"
        android:layout_gravity="center_vertical"
        android:layout_width="0dip"
        android:layout_weight="1.0"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content" />

LinearLayout>

更多关于Adapter优化的文章：

　　http://www.cnblogs.com/over140/archive/2011/03/23/1991100.html

　　http://www.cnblogs.com/halzhang/archive/2010/12/05/1896791.html