Spring Cloud Alibaba 环境搭建
可以手动从一个 Maven 项目进行搭建,后期也可以利用 Idea 工具直接从阿里云官网进行快捷搭建,网址为Aliyun Java Initializr,类似于 SpringBoot 的初始化向导 Spring Initializr。我们逐层进行演示
一、分布式环境搭建
1. 创建父级 Spring Boot 项目
pom.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
4.0.0
com.pushihao
test
0.0.1-SNAPSHOT
test
test
11
2.6.7
org.springframework.boot
spring-boot-starter-parent
${spring.boot.version}
pom
import
org.springframework.boot
spring-boot-starter
org.springframework.boot
spring-boot-starter-test
test
org.springframework.boot
spring-boot-maven-plugin
2. 新建两个模块
新建子模块时最好新建 Maven 项目,因为可以设置父项目。如果新建 Spring Boot Initializr 则默认父项目是 spring-boot-starter-parent
这里以订单模块(order)和仓库模块(stock)为例
假设仓库模块为生产者,订单模块为调用者。当调用订单模块时,订单模块调用仓库模块,使库存减一
项目结构如下:
具体文件:
pom.xml (两个模块的 pom.xml 几乎相同)
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
SpringCloud
com.pushihao
0.0.1-SNAPSHOT
4.0.0
stock
org.springframework.boot
spring-boot-starter-web
StockApplication.java
package com.pushihao;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
@SpringBootApplication
public class StockApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(StockApplication.class, args);
}
}
StockController.java
package com.pushihao.controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/stock")
public class StockController {
@GetMapping("reduct")
public String reduct() {
System.out.println("库存减一");
return "success!";
}
}
OrderApplication.java
package com.pushihao;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.web.client.RestTemplateBuilder;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;
@SpringBootApplication
public class OrderApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(OrderApplication.class, args);
}
@Bean
public RestTemplate restTemplate(RestTemplateBuilder builder) {
return builder.build();
}
}
OrderController.java
package com.pushihao.controller;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/order")
public class OrderController {
@Autowired
private RestTemplate restTemplate;
@GetMapping("add")
public String add() {
System.out.println("订单加一");
//result为返回结果
String result = restTemplate.getForObject("http://localhost:9001/stock/reduct", String.class);
return "success!";
}
}
至此,一个简单的分布式环境就搭建好了,使用浏览器调用 http://localhost:9002/order/add 就可以看到结果
二、Spring Cloud Alibaba 环境搭建
可以直接在原有的分布式环境上直接引用 Spring Cloud Alibaba 即可
项目结构如下:
1. 导入 Spring Cloud Alibaba 和 Spring Cloud 的坐标
注意:版本号一定要选对(按照要求)参考 版本说明
稳定版本依赖关系
Spring Cloud Alibaba Version | Spring Cloud Version | Spring Boot Version |
---|---|---|
2021.0.1.0 | Spring Cloud 2021.0.1 | 2.6.3 |
2.2.7.RELEASE | Spring Cloud Hoxton.SR12 | 2.3.12.RELEASE |
2021.1 | Spring Cloud 2020.0.1 | 2.4.2 |
2.2.6.RELEASE | Spring Cloud Hoxton.SR9 | 2.3.2.RELEASE |
2.1.4.RELEASE | Spring Cloud Greenwich.SR6 | 2.1.13.RELEASE |
2.2.1.RELEASE | Spring Cloud Hoxton.SR3 | 2.2.5.RELEASE |
2.2.0.RELEASE | Spring Cloud Hoxton.RELEASE | 2.2.X.RELEASE |
2.1.2.RELEASE | Spring Cloud Greenwich | 2.1.X.RELEASE |
2.0.4.RELEASE(停止维护,建议升级) | Spring Cloud Finchley | 2.0.X.RELEASE |
1.5.1.RELEASE(停止维护,建议升级) | Spring Cloud Edgware | 1.5.X.RELEASE |
组件版本关系(一般由Spring Cloud Alibaba 版本管理器直接控制,我们不用关心)
Spring Cloud Alibaba Version | Sentinel Version | Nacos Version | RocketMQ Version | Dubbo Version | Seata Version |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
2021.0.1.0* | 1.8.3 | 1.4.2 | 4.9.2 | 2.7.15 | 1.4.2 |
2.2.7.RELEASE | 1.8.1 | 2.0.3 | 4.6.1 | 2.7.13 | 1.3.0 |
2.2.6.RELEASE | 1.8.1 | 1.4.2 | 4.4.0 | 2.7.8 | 1.3.0 |
2021.1 or 2.2.5.RELEASE or 2.1.4.RELEASE or 2.0.4.RELEASE | 1.8.0 | 1.4.1 | 4.4.0 | 2.7.8 | 1.3.0 |
2.2.3.RELEASE or 2.1.3.RELEASE or 2.0.3.RELEASE | 1.8.0 | 1.3.3 | 4.4.0 | 2.7.8 | 1.3.0 |
2.2.1.RELEASE or 2.1.2.RELEASE or 2.0.2.RELEASE | 1.7.1 | 1.2.1 | 4.4.0 | 2.7.6 | 1.2.0 |
2.2.0.RELEASE | 1.7.1 | 1.1.4 | 4.4.0 | 2.7.4.1 | 1.0.0 |
2.1.1.RELEASE or 2.0.1.RELEASE or 1.5.1.RELEASE | 1.7.0 | 1.1.4 | 4.4.0 | 2.7.3 | 0.9.0 |
2.1.0.RELEASE or 2.0.0.RELEASE or 1.5.0.RELEASE | 1.6.3 | 1.1.1 | 4.4.0 | 2.7.3 | 0.7.1 |
这里使用最新稳定版即可
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
4.0.0
com.pushihao
test
pom
0.0.1-SNAPSHOT
order
stock
order-nacos
stock-nacos
test
test
11
2.3.12.RELEASE
Hoxton.SR12
2.2.7.RELEASE
org.springframework.boot
spring-boot-starter-parent
${spring.boot.version}
pom
import
org.springframework.cloud
spring-cloud-dependencies
${spring.cloud.version}
pom
import
com.alibaba.cloud
spring-cloud-alibaba-dependencies
${spring.cloud.alibaba.version}
pom
import
org.springframework.boot
spring-boot-starter
org.springframework.boot
spring-boot-starter-test
test
org.springframework.boot
spring-boot-maven-plugin
2.1 新建 stock-nacos 模块
pom.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
SpringCloud
com.pushihao
0.0.1-SNAPSHOT
4.0.0
stock-nacos
org.springframework.boot
spring-boot-starter-web
com.alibaba.cloud
spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-discovery
org.apache.maven.plugins
maven-compiler-plugin
3.8.1
11
11
application.yml
server:
port: 9001
spring:
application:
name: stock-service
cloud:
nacos:
server-addr: 127.0.0.1:8848
discovery:
username: nacos
password: nacos
cluster-name: public
StockNacosApplication.java
package com.pushihao;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
@SpringBootApplication
public class StockNacosApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(StockNacosApplication.class, args);
}
}
StockController.java
package com.pushihao.controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/stock")
public class StockController {
@GetMapping("reduct")
public String reduct() {
System.out.println("库存减一");
return "success!";
}
}
2.2 新建 order-nacos 模块
pom.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
test
com.pushihao
0.0.1-SNAPSHOT
4.0.0
order-nacos
org.springframework.boot
spring-boot-starter-web
com.alibaba.cloud
spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-discovery
org.apache.maven.plugins
maven-compiler-plugin
3.8.1
11
11
application.yml
server:
port: 9001
spring:
application:
name: order-service
cloud:
nacos:
server-addr: 127.0.0.1:8848
discovery:
username: nacos
password: nacos
namespace: public
# ephemeral: false #是否是临时实例 默认是true(临时实例) 永久实例:哪怕宕机了也不会删除实例
OrderNacosApplication.java
package com.pushihao;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.web.client.RestTemplateBuilder;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.loadbalancer.LoadBalanced;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;
@SpringBootApplication
public class OrderNacosApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(OrderNacosApplication.class, args);
}
//加上@LoadBalanced就配上了默认的负载均衡器Ribbon
@Bean
@LoadBalanced
public RestTemplate restTemplate(RestTemplateBuilder restTemplateBuilder) {
return restTemplateBuilder.build();
}
}
OrderController.java
package com.pushihao.controller;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/order")
public class OrderController {
@Autowired
RestTemplate restTemplate;
@GetMapping("add")
public String add() {
System.out.println("下单成功");
//这里就可以把IP地址替换成对应的服务名,调用时就会启用默认的负载均衡机制
String msg = restTemplate.getForObject("http://stock-service/stock/reduct", String.class);
return "success!";
}
}
至此 Spring Cloud Alibaba 环境就搭建完毕了
依次启动 nacos 服务器、stock-nacos、order-nacos
浏览器输入 http://localhost:8848/nacos 在服务管理一栏即可查看注册的微服务
浏览器输入 http://localhost:9001/order/add 即可查看运行结果
成功!
三、使用 Aliyun Java Initializr 快速构建
可以直接在网页上 Aliyun Java Initializr 进行配置,然后下载初始代码并导入编辑器工具中
不过更多情况下,都是使用 Idea 工具进行快速构建,如下:
以上!