centos系统安装MySQL8
使用yum仓库安装MySQL8
1.查看centos系统版本
# cat /etc/redhat-release
CentOS Linux release 7.9.2009 (Core)
2.下载并安装repo仓库文件
下载地址：https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/repo/yum/
# wget https://repo.mysql.com//mysql80-community-release-el7-5.noarch.rpm
# yum localinstall -y mysql80-community-release-el7-5.noarch.rpm
已加载插件：fastestmirror
正在检查 mysql80-community-release-el7-5.noarch.rpm: mysql80-community-release-el7-5.noarch
mysql80-community-release-el7-5.noarch.rpm 将被安装
正在解决依赖关系
--> 正在检查事务
---> 软件包 mysql80-community-release.noarch.0.el7-5 将被 安装
--> 解决依赖关系完成
依赖关系解决
================================================================================================
Package 架构 版本 源 大小
================================================================================================
正在安装:
mysql80-community-release noarch el7-5 /mysql80-community-release-el7-5.noarch 9.1 k
事务概要
================================================================================================
安装 1 软件包
总计：9.1 k
安装大小：9.1 k
Downloading packages:
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
正在安装 : mysql80-community-release-el7-5.noarch 1/1
验证中 : mysql80-community-release-el7-5.noarch 1/1
已安装:
mysql80-community-release.noarch 0:el7-5
完毕！
3.验证仓库软件
# yum makecache
# yum repolist all|grep mysql8
mysql80-community/x86_64 MySQL 8.0 Community Server 启用: 321
mysql80-community-source MySQL 8.0 Community Server - So 禁用
# yum repolist enabled | grep "mysql*"
mysql-connectors-community/x86_64 MySQL Connectors Community 230
mysql-tools-community/x86_64 MySQL Tools Community 138
mysql80-community/x86_64 MySQL 8.0 Community Server 321
4.安装MySQL8
说明：此时仓库中只有一个MySQL版本，因此可以直接安装
# yum install -y mysql-community-server
# 使用以下方式检查安装包
# rpm -qa|grep -i "mysql.*8.*"
mysql80-community-release-el7-5.noarch
mysql-community-client-plugins-8.0.28-1.el7.x86_64
mysql-community-client-8.0.28-1.el7.x86_64
mysql-community-libs-compat-8.0.28-1.el7.x86_64
mysql-community-common-8.0.28-1.el7.x86_64
mysql-community-libs-8.0.28-1.el7.x86_64
mysql-community-icu-data-files-8.0.28-1.el7.x86_64
mysql-community-server-8.0.28-1.el7.x86_64
默认配置文件内容
# cat /etc/my.cnf
# For advice on how to change settings please see
# http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/server-configuration-defaults.html
[mysqld]
#
# Remove leading # and set to the amount of RAM for the most important data
# cache in MySQL. Start at 70% of total RAM for dedicated server, else 10%.
# innodb_buffer_pool_size = 128M
#
# Remove the leading "# " to disable binary logging
# Binary logging captures changes between backups and is enabled by
# default. It's default setting is log_bin=binlog
# disable_log_bin
#
# Remove leading # to set options mainly useful for reporting servers.
# The server defaults are faster for transactions and fast SELECTs.
# Adjust sizes as needed, experiment to find the optimal values.
# join_buffer_size = 128M
# sort_buffer_size = 2M
# read_rnd_buffer_size = 2M
#
# Remove leading # to revert to previous value for default_authentication_plugin,
# this will increase compatibility with older clients. For background, see:
# https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/server-system-variables.html#sysvar_default_authentication_plugin
# default-authentication-plugin=mysql_native_password
datadir=/var/lib/mysql
socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log
pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid
查看默认密码
yum方式安装的MySQL8卸载
使用rpm文件安装MySQL8
下载rpm安装软件
地址：https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/mysql/
使用通用二进制文件安装MySQL8
下载地址：https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/mysql/
1.安装依赖
mysql依赖libaio，如果未在本地安装，则数据目录初始化和后续的服务启动将失败
# 默认是已安装的
[root@localhost ~]# rpm -qa|grep libaio
libaio-0.3.109-13.el7.x86_64
# yum -y install libaio # 若不存在则安装
2.下载二进制安装文件
# wget https://dev.mysql.com/get/Downloads/MySQL-8.0/mysql-8.0.28-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.xz
3.安装
# 添加mysql组和mysql用户，所有的文件和目录应该在mysql用户下
# groupadd mysql
# useradd -r -g mysql -s /bin/false mysql
# 设置安装位置为/usr/local,可以修改为其他位置
# tar -xvf mysql-8.0.28-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.xz -C /usr/local/
# 添加软链接，以后升级版本，只需要解压到相同的位置，更改符号链接就行了
# cd /usr/local/
# ll
总用量 0
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 4月 11 2018 bin
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 4月 11 2018 etc
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 4月 11 2018 games
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 4月 11 2018 include
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 4月 11 2018 lib
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 4月 11 2018 lib64
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 4月 11 2018 libexec
drwxr-xr-x 9 root root 129 3月 30 13:52 mysql-8.0.28-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 4月 11 2018 sbin
drwxr-xr-x. 5 root root 49 4月 9 2021 share
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 56 3月 30 13:47 src
# ln -s mysql-8.0.28-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 mysql
# ll
总用量 0
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 4月 11 2018 bin
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 4月 11 2018 etc
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 4月 11 2018 games
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 4月 11 2018 include
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 4月 11 2018 lib
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 4月 11 2018 lib64
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 4月 11 2018 libexec
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 35 3月 30 13:53 mysql -> mysql-8.0.28-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64
drwxr-xr-x 9 root root 129 3月 30 13:52 mysql-8.0.28-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 4月 11 2018 sbin
drwxr-xr-x. 5 root root 49 4月 9 2021 share
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 56 3月 30 13:47 src
# 创建必要的目录并将所有权更改为mysql
# cd mysql
# ll
总用量 284
drwxr-xr-x 2 7161 31415 4096 12月 18 02:28 bin
drwxr-xr-x 2 7161 31415 55 12月 18 02:28 docs
drwxr-xr-x 3 7161 31415 282 12月 18 02:28 include
drwxr-xr-x 6 7161 31415 201 12月 18 02:28 lib
-rw-r--r-- 1 7161 31415 276595 12月 18 00:07 LICENSE
drwxr-xr-x 4 7161 31415 30 12月 18 02:28 man
-rw-r--r-- 1 7161 31415 666 12月 18 00:07 README
drwxr-xr-x 28 7161 31415 4096 12月 18 02:28 share
drwxr-xr-x 2 7161 31415 77 12月 18 02:28 support-files
[root@localhost mysql]# mkdir data
[root@localhost mysql]# mkdir mysql-files
[root@localhost mysql]# chmod 750 mysql-files
[root@localhost mysql]# chmod 750 data
[root@localhost mysql]# chown -R mysql .
[root@localhost mysql]# chgrp -R mysql .
[root@localhost mysql]# ll
总用量 284
drwxr-xr-x 2 mysql mysql 4096 12月 18 02:28 bin
drwxr-x--- 2 mysql mysql 6 3月 30 02:28 data
drwxr-xr-x 2 mysql mysql 55 12月 18 02:28 docs
drwxr-xr-x 3 mysql mysql 282 12月 18 02:28 include
drwxr-xr-x 6 mysql mysql 201 12月 18 02:28 lib
-rw-r--r-- 1 mysql mysql 276595 12月 18 00:07 LICENSE
drwxr-xr-x 4 mysql mysql 30 12月 18 02:28 man
drwxr-x--- 2 mysql mysql 6 3月 30 13:57 mysql-files
-rw-r--r-- 1 mysql mysql 666 12月 18 00:07 README
drwxr-xr-x 28 mysql mysql 4096 12月 18 02:28 share
drwxr-xr-x 2 mysql mysql 77 12月 18 02:28 support-files
# 清除mariadb有关文件
# rpm -qa | grep "mariadb"
mariadb-libs-5.5.68-1.el7.x86_64
# rm -rf /etc/my.cnf
# rm -rf /etc/my.cnf.d/
# 初始化MySQL，会生成一个临时密码
# 此时data目录下会有初始化后的数据
[root@localhost mysql]# bin/mysqld --initialize --user mysql
2022-03-30T06:28:50.697879Z 0 [System] [MY-013169] [Server] /usr/local/mysql-8.0.28-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/bin/mysqld (mysqld 8.0.28) initializing of server in progress as process 2346
2022-03-30T06:28:50.704665Z 1 [System] [MY-013576] [InnoDB] InnoDB initialization has started.
2022-03-30T06:28:51.016806Z 1 [System] [MY-013577] [InnoDB] InnoDB initialization has ended.
2022-03-30T06:28:51.942504Z 6 [Note] [MY-010454] [Server] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: ,ai:FtMdM8tX
# 设置SSL的RSA，此时会在data存储目录下生成有关文件
[root@localhost mysql]# bin/mysql_ssl_rsa_setup
[root@localhost data]# pwd
/usr/local/mysql/data
[root@localhost data]# ll
-rw------- 1 mysql mysql 1680 3月 30 14:53 ca-key.pem
-rw-r--r-- 1 mysql mysql 1112 3月 30 14:53 ca.pem
-rw-r--r-- 1 mysql mysql 1112 3月 30 14:53 client-cert.pem
-rw------- 1 mysql mysql 1680 3月 30 14:53 client-key.pem
-rw------- 1 mysql mysql 1680 3月 30 14:53 private_key.pem
-rw-r--r-- 1 mysql mysql 452 3月 30 14:53 public_key.pem
-rw-r--r-- 1 mysql mysql 1112 3月 30 14:53 server-cert.pem
-rw------- 1 mysql mysql 1676 3月 30 14:53 server-key.pem
# 将二进制文件的所有权更改为root,数据文件的所有权更改为mysql
[root@localhost mysql]# chown -R root .
[root@localhost mysql]# chown -R mysql data
[root@localhost mysql]# chown -R mysql mysql-files
[root@localhost mysql]# ll
总用量 284
总用量 288
drwxr-xr-x 2 root mysql 4096 12月 18 02:28 bin
drwxr-x--- 6 mysql mysql 4096 3月 30 14:53 data
drwxr-xr-x 2 root mysql 55 12月 18 02:28 docs
drwxr-xr-x 3 root mysql 282 12月 18 02:28 include
drwxr-xr-x 6 root mysql 201 12月 18 02:28 lib
-rw-r--r-- 1 root mysql 276595 12月 18 00:07 LICENSE
drwxr-xr-x 4 root mysql 30 12月 18 02:28 man
drwxr-x--- 2 mysql mysql 6 3月 30 14:52 mysql-files
-rw-r--r-- 1 root mysql 666 12月 18 00:07 README
drwxr-xr-x 28 root mysql 4096 12月 18 02:28 share
drwxr-xr-x 2 root mysql 77 12月 18 02:28 support-files
# 将启动脚本复制到init.d中
[root@localhost mysql]# cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
# 将mysql的二进制文件到处到PATH环境变量中
# 临时办法，重启就不能用了
[root@localhost mysql]# export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/bin
# 永久办法
[root@localhost mysql]# cat >> /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh << "EOF"
#!/bin/bash
export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/bin
EOF
source /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh
安装完毕后将在/usr/local/mysql中获得下图中列出的目录
启动MySQL8
默认没有/etc/my.cnf配置文件
[root@localhost mysql]# /etc/init.d/mysqld start
Starting MySQL.Logging to '/usr/local/mysql/data/localhost.localdomain.err'.
. SUCCESS!
# 使用生成的临时密码登录，并为root用户设置自定义密码
# mysql -hlocalhost -uroot -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 8
Server version: 8.0.28
Copyright (c) 2000, 2022, Oracle and/or its affiliates.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> show databases;
ERROR 1820 (HY000): You must reset your password using ALTER USER statement before executing this statement.
mysql> ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'NewPass5!';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> exit;
Bye
# 退出MySQL，并重启MySQL就能使用新密码登录了
[root@localhost mysql]# /etc/init.d/mysqld restart
Shutting down MySQL.. SUCCESS!
Starting MySQL. SUCCESS!
设置开机启动
chkconfig --add mysqld
chkconfig mysqld on
chkconfig mysql --list
日常运行用service或者/etc/init.d/mysqld都可以
[root@localhost mysql]# service mysqld status
ERROR! MySQL is not running
[root@localhost mysql]# service mysqld start
Starting MySQL. SUCCESS!
[root@localhost mysql]# service mysqld status
SUCCESS! MySQL running (1908)
[root@localhost mysql]# service mysqld stop
Shutting down MySQL. SUCCESS!
[root@localhost mysql]# /etc/init.d/mysqld start
Starting MySQL. SUCCESS!
[root@localhost mysql]# service mysqld status
SUCCESS! MySQL running (2083)