物联网架构成长之路(51)-Nacos微服务配置中心、服务注册服务发现
0.前言
之前练习微服务是用Eureka，最近发现BladeX是用的Nacos，发现Nacos还比较简单实用。所以练习一下这个，为物联网V2版本积累经验。
1. 下载、安装、启动
下载Nacos
1 https://github.com/alibaba/nacos/releases 2 https://nacos.io/zh-cn/docs/quick-start.html
解压启动
访问http://127.0.0.1:8848/nacos/index.html
默认帐号密码 nacos/nacos
2. Nacos作为配置中心
参考官方文档，实现nacos-config
https://github.com/alibaba/spring-cloud-alibaba/blob/master/spring-cloud-alibaba-docs/src/main/asciidoc/nacos-config.adoc
注意，springcloud使用配置中心，那么配置文件是对应的 bootstrap.properties
bootstrap.properties
1 spring.cloud.nacos.config.server-addr=127.0.0.1:8848 2 spring.cloud.nacos.config.prefix=example 3 spring.profiles.active=demo 4 spring.cloud.nacos.config.file-extension=properties 5 6 # ${prefix}-${spring.profile.active}.${file-extension} 7 # example-demo.properties
pom.xml
1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> 2 <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" 3 xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> 4 <modelVersion>4.0.0modelVersion> 5 <parent> 6 <groupId>org.springframework.bootgroupId> 7 <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parentartifactId> 8 <version>2.2.2.RELEASEversion> 9 <relativePath/> 10 parent> 11 <groupId>com.wunaozai.demogroupId> 12 <artifactId>NacosConfigartifactId> 13 <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOTversion> 14 <name>NacosConfigname> 15 <description>Nacos配置中心description> 16 17 <properties> 18 <java.version>1.8java.version> 19 <spring-cloud-alibaba.version>2.2.0.RELEASEspring-cloud-alibaba.version> 20 <maven-jar-plugin.version>3.0.0maven-jar-plugin.version> 21 properties> 22 23 <dependencies> 24 <dependency> 25 <groupId>org.springframework.bootgroupId> 26 <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-webartifactId> 27 dependency> 28 <dependency> 29 <groupId>com.alibaba.cloudgroupId> 30 <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-configartifactId> 31 dependency> 32 <dependency> 33 <groupId>com.google.guavagroupId> 34 <artifactId>guavaartifactId> 35 <version>15.0version> 36 <scope>compilescope> 37 dependency> 38 39 <dependency> 40 <groupId>org.springframework.bootgroupId> 41 <artifactId>spring-boot-devtoolsartifactId> 42 <scope>runtimescope> 43 <optional>trueoptional> 44 dependency> 45 <dependency> 46 <groupId>org.springframework.bootgroupId> 47 <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-testartifactId> 48 <scope>testscope> 49 <exclusions> 50 <exclusion> 51 <groupId>org.junit.vintagegroupId> 52 <artifactId>junit-vintage-engineartifactId> 53 exclusion> 54 exclusions> 55 dependency> 56 dependencies> 57 58 <dependencyManagement> 59 <dependencies> 60 <dependency> 61 <groupId>com.alibaba.cloudgroupId> 62 <artifactId>spring-cloud-alibaba-dependenciesartifactId> 63 <version>${spring-cloud-alibaba.version}version> 64 <type>pomtype> 65 <scope>importscope> 66 dependency> 67 dependencies> 68 dependencyManagement> 69 70 <repositories> 71 <repository> 72 <id>maven-aliid> 73 <url>http://maven.aliyun.com/nexus/content/groups/public//url> 74 <releases> 75 <enabled>trueenabled> 76 releases> 77 <snapshots> 78 <enabled>trueenabled> 79 <updatePolicy>alwaysupdatePolicy> 80 <checksumPolicy>failchecksumPolicy> 81 snapshots> 82 repository> 83 repositories> 84 85 <build> 86 <plugins> 87 <plugin> 88 <groupId>org.springframework.bootgroupId> 89 <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-pluginartifactId> 90 plugin> 91 plugins> 92 build> 93 94 project>
NacosConfigApplication.java
1 package com.wunaozai.demo; 2 3 import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication; 4 import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication; 5 import org.springframework.context.ConfigurableApplicationContext; 6 7 @SpringBootApplication 8 public class NacosConfigApplication { 9 10 public static void main(String[] args) { 11 ConfigurableApplicationContext context = 12 SpringApplication.run(NacosConfigApplication.class, args); 13 String username = context.getEnvironment().getProperty("user.name"); 14 String userage = context.getEnvironment().getProperty("user.age"); 15 System.out.println("user.name=" + username + " " + "user.age=" + userage); 16 } 17 18 }
NacosController.java
1 package com.wunaozai.demo.controller; 2 3 import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value; 4 import org.springframework.cloud.context.config.annotation.RefreshScope; 5 import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; 6 import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController; 7 8 @RefreshScope 9 @RestController 10 @RequestMapping(value="/nacos") 11 public class NacosController { 12 13 @Value("${str:---}") 14 private String str; 15 16 @RequestMapping(value="/get") 17 public String get() { 18 return str; 19 } 20 }
然后在nacos管理界面上配置如下信息
1 user.name=demo 2 user.age=99 3 server.port=9988 4 str=wunaozai
配置后，启动NacosConfig服务，并访问浏览器，效果如下。
修改nacos上的配置文件后，保存。程序会自动更新配置。
3. Nacos作为服务中心，服务注册与服务发现
3.1 服务提供者Provider
pom.xml
1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> 2 <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" 3 xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> 4 <modelVersion>4.0.0modelVersion> 5 <parent> 6 <groupId>org.springframework.bootgroupId> 7 <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parentartifactId> 8 <version>2.2.5.RELEASEversion> 9 <relativePath/> 10 parent> 11 <groupId>com.wunaozai.demogroupId> 12 <artifactId>NacosDiscoveryProviderartifactId> 13 <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOTversion> 14 <name>NacosDiscoveryProvidername> 15 <description>Nacos服务发现与注册description> 16 17 <properties> 18 <java.version>1.8java.version> 19 <spring-cloud-alibaba.version>2.2.0.RELEASEspring-cloud-alibaba.version> 20 <maven-jar-plugin.version>3.0.0maven-jar-plugin.version> 21 properties> 22 23 <dependencies> 24 <dependency> 25 <groupId>org.springframework.bootgroupId> 26 <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-webartifactId> 27 dependency> 28 <dependency> 29 <groupId>com.alibaba.cloudgroupId> 30 <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-discoveryartifactId> 31 dependency> 32 <dependency> 33 <groupId>org.springframework.bootgroupId> 34 <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuatorartifactId> 35 dependency> 36 <dependency> 37 <groupId>com.google.guavagroupId> 38 <artifactId>guavaartifactId> 39 <version>15.0version> 40 <scope>compilescope> 41 dependency> 42 43 <dependency> 44 <groupId>org.springframework.bootgroupId> 45 <artifactId>spring-boot-devtoolsartifactId> 46 <scope>runtimescope> 47 <optional>trueoptional> 48 dependency> 49 <dependency> 50 <groupId>org.springframework.bootgroupId> 51 <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-testartifactId> 52 <scope>testscope> 53 <exclusions> 54 <exclusion> 55 <groupId>org.junit.vintagegroupId> 56 <artifactId>junit-vintage-engineartifactId> 57 exclusion> 58 exclusions> 59 dependency> 60 dependencies> 61 62 <dependencyManagement> 63 <dependencies> 64 <dependency> 65 <groupId>com.alibaba.cloudgroupId> 66 <artifactId>spring-cloud-alibaba-dependenciesartifactId> 67 <version>${spring-cloud-alibaba.version}version> 68 <type>pomtype> 69 <scope>importscope> 70 dependency> 71 dependencies> 72 dependencyManagement> 73 74 <build> 75 <plugins> 76 <plugin> 77 <groupId>org.springframework.bootgroupId> 78 <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-pluginartifactId> 79 plugin> 80 plugins> 81 build> 82 83 project>
application.properites
1 server.port=8081 2 spring.application.name=nacos-provider 3 spring.cloud.nacos.discovery.server-addr=127.0.0.1:8848
NacosProviderController.java
1 package com.wunaozai.demo; 2 3 import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; 4 import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController; 5 6 @RestController 7 @RequestMapping(value="/provider") 8 public class NacosProviderController { 9 10 @RequestMapping(value="/echo") 11 public String echo(String str) { 12 return "Hello Nacos Discovery: " + str; 13 } 14 }
NacosDiscoveryProviderApplication.java
1 package com.wunaozai.demo; 2 3 import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication; 4 import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication; 5 import org.springframework.cloud.client.discovery.EnableDiscoveryClient; 6 7 @SpringBootApplication 8 @EnableDiscoveryClient 9 public class NacosDiscoveryProviderApplication { 10 11 public static void main(String[] args) { 12 SpringApplication.run(NacosDiscoveryProviderApplication.class, args); 13 } 14 15 }
3.2 服务消费者Consumer
pom.xml
1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> 2 <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" 3 xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> 4 <modelVersion>4.0.0modelVersion> 5 <parent> 6 <groupId>org.springframework.bootgroupId> 7 <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parentartifactId> 8 <version>2.2.5.RELEASEversion> 9 <relativePath/> 10 parent> 11 <groupId>com.wunaozai.demogroupId> 12 <artifactId>NacosDiscoveryConsumerartifactId> 13 <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOTversion> 14 <name>NacosDiscoveryConsumername> 15 <description>Nacos服务注册与发现description> 16 17 <properties> 18 <java.version>1.8java.version> 19 <spring-cloud-alibaba.version>2.2.0.RELEASEspring-cloud-alibaba.version> 20 <maven-jar-plugin.version>3.0.0maven-jar-plugin.version> 21 properties> 22 23 <dependencies> 24 <dependency> 25 <groupId>org.springframework.bootgroupId> 26 <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-webartifactId> 27 dependency> 28 <dependency> 29 <groupId>com.alibaba.cloudgroupId> 30 <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-discoveryartifactId> 31 dependency> 32 <dependency> 33 <groupId>com.google.guavagroupId> 34 <artifactId>guavaartifactId> 35 <version>15.0version> 36 <scope>compilescope> 37 dependency> 38 39 <dependency> 40 <groupId>org.springframework.bootgroupId> 41 <artifactId>spring-boot-devtoolsartifactId> 42 <scope>runtimescope> 43 <optional>trueoptional> 44 dependency> 45 <dependency> 46 <groupId>org.springframework.bootgroupId> 47 <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-testartifactId> 48 <scope>testscope> 49 <exclusions> 50 <exclusion> 51 <groupId>org.junit.vintagegroupId> 52 <artifactId>junit-vintage-engineartifactId> 53 exclusion> 54 exclusions> 55 dependency> 56 dependencies> 57 58 <dependencyManagement> 59 <dependencies> 60 <dependency> 61 <groupId>com.alibaba.cloudgroupId> 62 <artifactId>spring-cloud-alibaba-dependenciesartifactId> 63 <version>${spring-cloud-alibaba.version}version> 64 <type>pomtype> 65 <scope>importscope> 66 dependency> 67 dependencies> 68 dependencyManagement> 69 70 <build> 71 <plugins> 72 <plugin> 73 <groupId>org.springframework.bootgroupId> 74 <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-pluginartifactId> 75 plugin> 76 plugins> 77 build> 78 79 project>
application.properites
1 server.port=8083 2 spring.application.name=nacos-consumer 3 spring.cloud.nacos.discovery.server-addr=127.0.0.1:8848
BeanConfig.java
1 package com.wunaozai.demo.config; 2 3 import org.springframework.cloud.client.loadbalancer.LoadBalanced; 4 import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean; 5 import org.springframework.stereotype.Component; 6 import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate; 7 8 @Component 9 public class BeanConfig { 10 11 @LoadBalanced 12 @Bean 13 public RestTemplate restTemplate() { 14 return new RestTemplate(); 15 } 16 }
NacosConsumerController.java
1 package com.wunaozai.demo; 2 3 import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; 4 import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping; 5 import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; 6 import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController; 7 import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate; 8 9 @RestController 10 @RequestMapping(value="/consumer") 11 public class NacosConsumerController { 12 13 @Autowired 14 private RestTemplate restTemplate; 15 16 @GetMapping(value="/echo") 17 public String getProviderEcho(String msg) { 18 return restTemplate.getForObject("http://nacos-provider/provider/echo?str=" + msg, String.class); 19 } 20 }
NacosDiscoveryConsumerApplication.java
1 package com.wunaozai.demo; 2 3 import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication; 4 import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication; 5 import org.springframework.cloud.client.discovery.EnableDiscoveryClient; 6 7 @SpringBootApplication 8 @EnableDiscoveryClient 9 public class NacosDiscoveryConsumerApplication { 10 11 public static void main(String[] args) { 12 SpringApplication.run(NacosDiscoveryConsumerApplication.class, args); 13 } 14 15 }
浏览器访问结果
Nacos管理界面
参考资料：
https://github.com/alibaba/spring-cloud-alibaba/blob/master/spring-cloud-alibaba-docs/src/main/asciidoc/nacos-config.adoc
https://github.com/alibaba/spring-cloud-alibaba/blob/master/spring-cloud-alibaba-docs/src/main/asciidoc/nacos-discovery.adoc
https://www.jianshu.com/p/3e13272a9c84
附件代码下载: https://files.cnblogs.com/files/wunaozai/IoT-51-Nacos.zip
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