Java高并发,阻塞队列BlockingQueue
BlockingQueue简介
BlockingQueue:不是新的东西,父接口java.util.Queue
当队列为空时,从队列中获取元素将阻塞。
当队列为满时,从队列中添加元素将阻塞。
因为是队列,所以我们理应想到先进先出。
BlockingQueue常用API
boolean |
add(E e)
将指定的元素插入到此队列中,如果可以立即执行此操作而不违反容量限制, true 在成功后返回 IllegalStateException 如果当前没有可用空间,则抛出IllegalStateException。
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boolean |
contains(Object o)
如果此队列包含指定的元素,则返回 true 。
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int |
drainTo(Collection<? super E> c)
从该队列中删除所有可用的元素,并将它们添加到给定的集合中。
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int |
drainTo(Collection<? super E> c, int maxElements)
最多从该队列中删除给定数量的可用元素,并将它们添加到给定的集合中。
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boolean |
offer(E e)
将指定的元素插入到此队列中,如果可以立即执行此操作,而不会违反容量限制, true 在成功时 false 如果当前没有可用空间,则返回false。
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boolean |
offer(E e, long timeout, TimeUnit unit)
将指定的元素插入到此队列中,等待指定的等待时间(如有必要)才能使空间变得可用。
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E |
poll(long timeout, TimeUnit unit)
检索并删除此队列的头,等待指定的等待时间(如有必要)使元素变为可用。
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void |
put(E e)
将指定的元素插入到此队列中,等待空格可用。
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int |
remainingCapacity()
返回该队列最好可以(在没有存储器或资源约束)接受而不会阻塞,或附加的元素的数量 Integer.MAX_VALUE 如果没有固有的限制。
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boolean |
remove(Object o)
从该队列中删除指定元素的单个实例(如果存在)。
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E |
take()
检索并删除此队列的头,如有必要,等待元素可用。
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Methods inherited from interface java.util.Queue
element, peek, poll, remove
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Methods inherited from interface java.util.Collection
addAll, clear, containsAll, equals, hashCode, isEmpty, iterator, parallelStream, removeAll, removeIf, retainAll, size, spliterator, stream, toArray, toArray
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Methods inherited from interface java.lang.Iterable
forEach
将上述API总结为三组:分别是插入、移除、检查
抛出异常组API
add(抛出异常):
/** * @author Cocowwy * @create 2020-05-05-14:53 */ public class BlockingQueueDemo { public static void main(String[] args) { BlockingQueueblockingQueue=new ArrayBlockingQueue<>(3); System.out.println(blockingQueue.add("a")); System.out.println(blockingQueue.add("b")); System.out.println(blockingQueue.add("c")); System.out.println(blockingQueue.add("x")); } }
结果如下:
true true true Exception in thread "main" java.lang.IllegalStateException: Queue full at java.util.AbstractQueue.add(AbstractQueue.java:98) at java.util.concurrent.ArrayBlockingQueue.add(ArrayBlockingQueue.java:312) at juc.BlockingQueueDemo.main(BlockingQueueDemo.java:16)
remove(抛出异常):
public class BlockingQueueDemo { public static void main(String[] args) { BlockingQueueblockingQueue=new ArrayBlockingQueue<>(3); System.out.println(blockingQueue.add("a")); System.out.println(blockingQueue.add("b")); System.out.println(blockingQueue.add("c")); // System.out.println(blockingQueue.add("x")); System.out.println(blockingQueue.remove()); //返回值是E(即对象) 因为是队列 所以是a System.out.println(blockingQueue.remove()); System.out.println(blockingQueue.remove()); System.out.println(blockingQueue.remove()); } }
这里需要注意的是remove的返回类型是E(Entity对象)
结果如下:
true true true a b c Exception in thread "main" java.util.NoSuchElementException at java.util.AbstractQueue.remove(AbstractQueue.java:117) at juc.BlockingQueueDemo.main(BlockingQueueDemo.java:20) Process finished with exit code 1
我们可以看到如果添加的元素大于3之后,即当队列空了之后再删会抛异常:java.util.NoSuchElementException
element(抛出异常):
public class BlockingQueueDemo { public static void main(String[] args) { BlockingQueueblockingQueue=new ArrayBlockingQueue<>(3); System.out.println(blockingQueue.add("a")); System.out.println(blockingQueue.add("b")); System.out.println(blockingQueue.add("c")); System.out.println(blockingQueue.element()); } }
结果如下:
true true true a
作用:检查队首元素是什么
特殊值组API
offer(特殊值):
public class BlockingQueueDemo { public static void main(String[] args) { BlockingQueueblockingQueue=new ArrayBlockingQueue<>(3); System.out.println(blockingQueue.offer("a")); System.out.println(blockingQueue.offer("b")); System.out.println(blockingQueue.offer("c")); System.out.println(blockingQueue.offer("d")); } }
结果如下:
true true true false
poll(特殊值):
public class BlockingQueueDemo { public static void main(String[] args) { BlockingQueueblockingQueue=new ArrayBlockingQueue<>(3); System.out.println(blockingQueue.offer("a")); System.out.println(blockingQueue.offer("b")); System.out.println(blockingQueue.offer("c")); System.out.println(blockingQueue.poll()); System.out.println(blockingQueue.poll()); System.out.println(blockingQueue.poll()); System.out.println(blockingQueue.poll()); } }
结果如下:
true true true a b c null
peek(特殊值):
public class BlockingQueueDemo { public static void main(String[] args) { BlockingQueueblockingQueue=new ArrayBlockingQueue<>(3); System.out.println(blockingQueue.offer("a")); System.out.println(blockingQueue.offer("b")); System.out.println(blockingQueue.offer("c")); System.out.println(blockingQueue.peek()); } }
结果如下:
true true true a
阻塞组API
put(阻塞):
public class BlockingQueueDemo { public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException { BlockingQueueblockingQueue=new ArrayBlockingQueue<>(3); blockingQueue.put("a"); blockingQueue.put("b"); blockingQueue.put("c"); blockingQueue.put("d"); } }
结果如下:
1.
就是啥都没有一片空白,因为此时一直阻塞,等待
take(阻塞):
public class BlockingQueueDemo { public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException { BlockingQueueblockingQueue=new ArrayBlockingQueue<>(3); blockingQueue.put("a"); blockingQueue.put("b"); blockingQueue.put("c"); System.out.println(blockingQueue.take()); blockingQueue.put("e"); System.out.println(blockingQueue.take()); System.out.println(blockingQueue.take()); System.out.println(blockingQueue.take()); } }
结果如下:
a
b
c
e
与上面的put对比一下,这里abc添加进去后如果想加e是加不进去的,会阻塞,而take进行取出后就能加入e了
超时组API
offer(超时):
public class BlockingQueueDemo { public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException { BlockingQueueblockingQueue=new ArrayBlockingQueue<>(3); System.out.println(blockingQueue.offer("a")); System.out.println(blockingQueue.offer("b")); System.out.println(blockingQueue.offer("c")); System.out.println(blockingQueue.offer("d", 3L, TimeUnit.SECONDS)); } }
结果如下:
true true true false //等待了3s
让其等待3s,返回值为boolean
poll(超时):
public class BlockingQueueDemo { public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException { BlockingQueueblockingQueue = new ArrayBlockingQueue<>(3); System.out.println(blockingQueue.offer("a")); System.out.println(blockingQueue.offer("b")); System.out.println(blockingQueue.offer("c")); System.out.println(blockingQueue.poll()); System.out.println(blockingQueue.poll()); System.out.println(blockingQueue.poll()); System.out.println(blockingQueue.poll(3L, TimeUnit.SECONDS)); } }
结果如下:
true true true a b c null //等待了3s