Python—requests模块详解
1、模块说明
requests是使用Apache2 licensed 许可证的HTTP库。
用python编写。
比urllib2模块更简洁。
Request支持HTTP连接保持和连接池，支持使用cookie保持会话，支持文件上传，支持自动响应内容的编码，支持国际化的URL和POST数据自动编码。
在python内置模块的基础上进行了高度的封装，从而使得python进行网络请求时，变得人性化，使用Requests可以轻而易举的完成浏览器可有的任何操作。
现代，国际化，友好。
requests会自动实现持久连接keep-alive
2、基础入门
1）导入模块
import requests
2）发送请求的简洁
示例代码：获取一个网页（个人github）
import requests
r = requests.get('https://github.com/Ranxf') # 最基本的不带参数的get请求
r1 = requests.get(url='http://dict.baidu.com/s', params={'wd': 'python'}) # 带参数的get请求
我们就可以使用该方式使用以下各种方法
1 requests.get(‘https://github.com/timeline.json’) # GET请求 2 requests.post(“http://httpbin.org/post”) # POST请求 3 requests.put(“http://httpbin.org/put”) # PUT请求 4 requests.delete(“http://httpbin.org/delete”) # DELETE请求 5 requests.head(“http://httpbin.org/get”) # HEAD请求 6 requests.options(“http://httpbin.org/get” ) # OPTIONS请求
3）为url传递参数
>>> url_params = {'key':'value'} # 字典传递参数，如果值为None的键不会被添加到url中
>>> r = requests.get('your url',params = url_params)
>>> print(r.url)
your url?key=value
4）响应的内容
r.encoding #获取当前的编码 r.encoding = 'utf-8' #设置编码 r.text #以encoding解析返回内容。字符串方式的响应体，会自动根据响应头部的字符编码进行解码。 r.content #以字节形式（二进制）返回。字节方式的响应体，会自动为你解码 gzip 和 deflate 压缩。 r.headers #以字典对象存储服务器响应头，但是这个字典比较特殊，字典键不区分大小写，若键不存在则返回None r.status_code #响应状态码 r.raw #返回原始响应体，也就是 urllib 的 response 对象，使用 r.raw.read() r.ok # 查看r.ok的布尔值便可以知道是否登陆成功 #*特殊方法*# r.json() #Requests中内置的JSON解码器，以json形式返回,前提返回的内容确保是json格式的，不然解析出错会抛异常 r.raise_for_status() #失败请求(非200响应)抛出异常
post发送json请求：
1 import requests
2 import json
3
4 r = requests.post('https://api.github.com/some/endpoint', data=json.dumps({'some': 'data'}))
5 print(r.json())
5）定制头和cookie信息
header = {'user-agent': 'my-app/0.0.1''}
cookie = {'key':'value'}
r = requests.get/post('your url',headers=header,cookies=cookie)
data = {'some': 'data'}
headers = {'content-type': 'application/json',
'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Ubuntu; Linux x86_64; rv:22.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/22.0'}
r = requests.post('https://api.github.com/some/endpoint', data=data, headers=headers)
print(r.text)
6）响应状态码
使用requests方法后，会返回一个response对象，其存储了服务器响应的内容，如上实例中已经提到的 r.text、r.status_code……
获取文本方式的响应体实例：当你访问 r.text 之时，会使用其响应的文本编码进行解码，并且你可以修改其编码让 r.text 使用自定义的编码进行解码。
1 r = requests.get('http://www.itwhy.org')
2 print(r.text, '\n{}\n'.format('*'*79), r.encoding)
3 r.encoding = 'GBK'
4 print(r.text, '\n{}\n'.format('*'*79), r.encoding)
示例代码：
1 import requests
2
3 r = requests.get('https://github.com/Ranxf') # 最基本的不带参数的get请求
4 print(r.status_code) # 获取返回状态
5 r1 = requests.get(url='http://dict.baidu.com/s', params={'wd': 'python'}) # 带参数的get请求
6 print(r1.url)
7 print(r1.text) # 打印解码后的返回数据
运行结果：
/usr/bin/python3.5 /home/rxf/python3_1000/1000/python3_server/python3_requests/demo1.py 200 http://dict.baidu.com/s?wd=python ………… Process finished with exit code 0
r.status_code #如果不是200，可以使用 r.raise_for_status() 抛出异常
7）响应
r.headers #返回字典类型,头信息 r.requests.headers #返回发送到服务器的头信息 r.cookies #返回cookie r.history #返回重定向信息,当然可以在请求是加上allow_redirects = false 阻止重定向
8）超时
r = requests.get('url',timeout=1) #设置秒数超时，仅对于连接有效
9)会话对象，能够跨请求保持某些参数
s = requests.Session()
s.auth = ('auth','passwd')
s.headers = {'key':'value'}
r = s.get('url')
r1 = s.get('url1')
10）代理
proxies = {'http':'ip1','https':'ip2' }
requests.get('url',proxies=proxies)
汇总：
# HTTP请求类型
# get类型
r = requests.get('https://github.com/timeline.json')
# post类型
r = requests.post("http://m.ctrip.com/post")
# put类型
r = requests.put("http://m.ctrip.com/put")
# delete类型
r = requests.delete("http://m.ctrip.com/delete")
# head类型
r = requests.head("http://m.ctrip.com/head")
# options类型
r = requests.options("http://m.ctrip.com/get")
# 获取响应内容
print(r.content) #以字节的方式去显示，中文显示为字符
print(r.text) #以文本的方式去显示
#URL传递参数
payload = {'keyword': '香港', 'salecityid': '2'}
r = requests.get("http://m.ctrip.com/webapp/tourvisa/visa_list", params=payload)
print（r.url） #示例为http://m.ctrip.com/webapp/tourvisa/visa_list?salecityid=2&keyword=香港
#获取/修改网页编码
r = requests.get('https://github.com/timeline.json')
print （r.encoding）
#json处理
r = requests.get('https://github.com/timeline.json')
print（r.json()） # 需要先import json
# 定制请求头
url = 'http://m.ctrip.com'
headers = {'User-Agent' : 'Mozilla/5.0 (Linux; Android 4.2.1; en-us; Nexus 4 Build/JOP40D) AppleWebKit/535.19 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/18.0.1025.166 Mobile Safari/535.19'}
r = requests.post(url, headers=headers)
print （r.request.headers)
#复杂post请求
url = 'http://m.ctrip.com'
payload = {'some': 'data'}
r = requests.post(url, data=json.dumps(payload)) #如果传递的payload是string而不是dict，需要先调用dumps方法格式化一下
# post多部分编码文件
url = 'http://m.ctrip.com'
files = {'file': open('report.xls', 'rb')}
r = requests.post(url, files=files)
# 响应状态码
r = requests.get('http://m.ctrip.com')
print(r.status_code)
# 响应头
r = requests.get('http://m.ctrip.com')
print (r.headers)
print (r.headers['Content-Type'])
print (r.headers.get('content-type')) #访问响应头部分内容的两种方式
# Cookies
url = 'http://example.com/some/cookie/setting/url'
r = requests.get(url)
r.cookies['example_cookie_name'] #读取cookies
url = 'http://m.ctrip.com/cookies'
cookies = dict(cookies_are='working')
r = requests.get(url, cookies=cookies) #发送cookies
#设置超时时间
r = requests.get('http://m.ctrip.com', timeout=0.001)
#设置访问代理
proxies = {
"http": "http://10.10.1.10:3128",
"https": "http://10.10.1.100:4444",
}
r = requests.get('http://m.ctrip.com', proxies=proxies)
#如果代理需要用户名和密码，则需要这样：
proxies = {
"http": "http://user:pass@10.10.1.10:3128/",
}
# HTTP请求类型
# get类型
r = requests.get('https://github.com/timeline.json')
# post类型
r = requests.post("http://m.ctrip.com/post")
# put类型
r = requests.put("http://m.ctrip.com/put")
# delete类型
r = requests.delete("http://m.ctrip.com/delete")
# head类型
r = requests.head("http://m.ctrip.com/head")
# options类型
r = requests.options("http://m.ctrip.com/get")
# 获取响应内容
print(r.content) #以字节的方式去显示，中文显示为字符
print(r.text) #以文本的方式去显示
#URL传递参数
payload = {'keyword': '香港', 'salecityid': '2'}
r = requests.get("http://m.ctrip.com/webapp/tourvisa/visa_list", params=payload)
print（r.url） #示例为http://m.ctrip.com/webapp/tourvisa/visa_list?salecityid=2&keyword=香港
#获取/修改网页编码
r = requests.get('https://github.com/timeline.json')
print （r.encoding）
#json处理
r = requests.get('https://github.com/timeline.json')
print（r.json()） # 需要先import json
# 定制请求头
url = 'http://m.ctrip.com'
headers = {'User-Agent' : 'Mozilla/5.0 (Linux; Android 4.2.1; en-us; Nexus 4 Build/JOP40D) AppleWebKit/535.19 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/18.0.1025.166 Mobile Safari/535.19'}
r = requests.post(url, headers=headers)
print （r.request.headers)
#复杂post请求
url = 'http://m.ctrip.com'
payload = {'some': 'data'}
r = requests.post(url, data=json.dumps(payload)) #如果传递的payload是string而不是dict，需要先调用dumps方法格式化一下
# post多部分编码文件
url = 'http://m.ctrip.com'
files = {'file': open('report.xls', 'rb')}
r = requests.post(url, files=files)
# 响应状态码
r = requests.get('http://m.ctrip.com')
print(r.status_code)
# 响应头
r = requests.get('http://m.ctrip.com')
print (r.headers)
print (r.headers['Content-Type'])
print (r.headers.get('content-type')) #访问响应头部分内容的两种方式
# Cookies
url = 'http://example.com/some/cookie/setting/url'
r = requests.get(url)
r.cookies['example_cookie_name'] #读取cookies
url = 'http://m.ctrip.com/cookies'
cookies = dict(cookies_are='working')
r = requests.get(url, cookies=cookies) #发送cookies
#设置超时时间
r = requests.get('http://m.ctrip.com', timeout=0.001)
#设置访问代理
proxies = {
"http": "http://10.10.1.10:3128",
"https": "http://10.10.1.100:4444",
}
r = requests.get('http://m.ctrip.com', proxies=proxies)
#如果代理需要用户名和密码，则需要这样：
proxies = {
"http": "http://user:pass@10.10.1.10:3128/",
}
3、示例代码
GET请求
1 # 1、无参数实例
2
3 import requests
4
5 ret = requests.get('https://github.com/timeline.json')
6
7 print(ret.url)
8 print(ret.text)
9
10
11
12 # 2、有参数实例
13
14 import requests
15
16 payload = {'key1': 'value1', 'key2': 'value2'}
17 ret = requests.get("http://httpbin.org/get", params=payload)
18
19 print(ret.url)
20 print(ret.text)
POST请求
# 1、基本POST实例
import requests
payload = {'key1': 'value1', 'key2': 'value2'}
ret = requests.post("http://httpbin.org/post", data=payload)
print(ret.text)
# 2、发送请求头和数据实例
import requests
import json
url = 'https://api.github.com/some/endpoint'
payload = {'some': 'data'}
headers = {'content-type': 'application/json'}
ret = requests.post(url, data=json.dumps(payload), headers=headers)
print(ret.text)
print(ret.cookies)
请求参数
请求参数 参数示例代码json请求：
#! /usr/bin/python3
import requests
import json
class url_request():
def __init__(self):
''' init '''
if __name__ == '__main__':
heard = {'Content-Type': 'application/json'}
payload = {'CountryName': '中国',
'ProvinceName': '四川省',
'L1CityName': 'chengdu',
'L2CityName': 'yibing',
'TownName': '',
'Longitude': '107.33393',
'Latitude': '33.157131',
'Language': 'CN'}
r = requests.post("http://www.xxxxxx.com/CityLocation/json/LBSLocateCity", heards=heard, data=payload)
data = r.json()
if r.status_code!=200:
print('LBSLocateCity API Error' + str(r.status_code))
print(data['CityEntities'][0]['CityID']) # 打印返回json中的某个key的value
print(data['ResponseStatus']['Ack'])
print(json.dump(data, indent=4, sort_keys=True, ensure_ascii=False)) # 树形打印json，ensure_ascii必须设为False否则中文会显示为unicode
Xml请求：
#! /usr/bin/python3
import requests
class url_request():
def __init__(self):
"""init"""
if __name__ == '__main__':
heards = {'Content-type': 'text/xml'}
XML = '<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>WeChatJSTicket.JobWS.Job.JobRefreshTicket,WeChatJSTicket.JobWS RUN 1127.0.0.1 1 false
状态异常处理
import requests
URL = 'http://ip.taobao.com/service/getIpInfo.php' # 淘宝IP地址库API
try:
r = requests.get(URL, params={'ip': '8.8.8.8'}, timeout=1)
r.raise_for_status() # 如果响应状态码不是 200，就主动抛出异常
except requests.RequestException as e:
print(e)
else:
result = r.json()
print(type(result), result, sep='\n')
上传文件
使用request模块，也可以上传文件，文件的类型会自动进行处理：
import requests
url = 'http://127.0.0.1:8080/upload'
files = {'file': open('/home/rxf/test.jpg', 'rb')}
#files = {'file': ('report.jpg', open('/home/lyb/sjzl.mpg', 'rb'))} #显式的设置文件名
r = requests.post(url, files=files)
print(r.text)
request更加方便的是，可以把字符串当作文件进行上传：
import requests
url = 'http://127.0.0.1:8080/upload'
files = {'file': ('test.txt', b'Hello Requests.')} #必需显式的设置文件名
r = requests.post(url, files=files)
print(r.text)
6) 身份验证
基本身份认证(HTTP Basic Auth)
import requests
from requests.auth import HTTPBasicAuth
r = requests.get('https://httpbin.org/hidden-basic-auth/user/passwd', auth=HTTPBasicAuth('user', 'passwd'))
# r = requests.get('https://httpbin.org/hidden-basic-auth/user/passwd', auth=('user', 'passwd')) # 简写
print(r.json())
另一种非常流行的HTTP身份认证形式是摘要式身份认证，Requests对它的支持也是开箱即可用的:
requests.get(URL, auth=HTTPDigestAuth('user', 'pass')
Cookies与会话对象
如果某个响应中包含一些Cookie，你可以快速访问它们：
import requests
r = requests.get('http://www.google.com.hk/')
print(r.cookies['NID'])
print(tuple(r.cookies))
要想发送你的cookies到服务器，可以使用 cookies 参数：
import requests
url = 'http://httpbin.org/cookies'
cookies = {'testCookies_1': 'Hello_Python3', 'testCookies_2': 'Hello_Requests'}
# 在Cookie Version 0中规定空格、方括号、圆括号、等于号、逗号、双引号、斜杠、问号、@，冒号，分号等特殊符号都不能作为Cookie的内容。
r = requests.get(url, cookies=cookies)
print(r.json())
会话对象让你能够跨请求保持某些参数，最方便的是在同一个Session实例发出的所有请求之间保持cookies，且这些都是自动处理的，甚是方便。
下面就来一个真正的实例，如下是快盘签到脚本：
import requests
headers = {'Accept': 'text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8',
'Accept-Encoding': 'gzip, deflate, compress',
'Accept-Language': 'en-us;q=0.5,en;q=0.3',
'Cache-Control': 'max-age=0',
'Connection': 'keep-alive',
'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Ubuntu; Linux x86_64; rv:22.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/22.0'}
s = requests.Session()
s.headers.update(headers)
# s.auth = ('superuser', '123')
s.get('https://www.kuaipan.cn/account_login.htm')
_URL = 'http://www.kuaipan.cn/index.php'
s.post(_URL, params={'ac':'account', 'op':'login'},
data={'username':'****@foxmail.com', 'userpwd':'********', 'isajax':'yes'})
r = s.get(_URL, params={'ac':'zone', 'op':'taskdetail'})
print(r.json())
s.get(_URL, params={'ac':'common', 'op':'usersign'})
requests模块抓取网页源码并保存到文件示例
这是一个基本的文件保存操作，但这里有几个值得注意的问题：
1.安装requests包，命令行输入pip install requests即可自动安装。很多人推荐使用requests，自带的urllib.request也可以抓取网页源码
2.open方法encoding参数设为utf-8，否则保存的文件会出现乱码。
3.如果直接在cmd中输出抓取的内容，会提示各种编码错误，所以保存到文件查看。
4.with open方法是更好的写法，可以自动操作完毕后释放资源
#! /urs/bin/python3
import requests
'''requests模块抓取网页源码并保存到文件示例'''
html = requests.get("http://www.baidu.com")
with open('test.txt', 'w', encoding='utf-8') as f:
f.write(html.text)
'''读取一个txt文件，每次读取一行，并保存到另一个txt文件中的示例'''
ff = open('testt.txt', 'w', encoding='utf-8')
with open('test.txt', encoding="utf-8") as f:
for line in f:
ff.write(line)
ff.close()
因为在命令行中打印每次读取一行的数据，中文会出现编码错误，所以每次读取一行并保存到另一个文件，这样来测试读取是否正常。（注意open的时候制定encoding编码方式）
自动登陆"示例：
#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
import requests
# ############## 方式一 ##############
"""
# ## 1、首先登陆任何页面，获取cookie
i1 = requests.get(url="http://dig.chouti.com/help/service")
i1_cookies = i1.cookies.get_dict()
# ## 2、用户登陆，携带上一次的cookie，后台对cookie中的 gpsd 进行授权
i2 = requests.post(
url="http://dig.chouti.com/login",
data={
'phone': "8615131255089",
'password': "xxooxxoo",
'oneMonth': ""
},
cookies=i1_cookies
)
# ## 3、点赞（只需要携带已经被授权的gpsd即可）
gpsd = i1_cookies['gpsd']
i3 = requests.post(
url="http://dig.chouti.com/link/vote?linksId=8589523",
cookies={'gpsd': gpsd}
)
print(i3.text)
"""
# ############## 方式二 ##############
"""
import requests
session = requests.Session()
i1 = session.get(url="http://dig.chouti.com/help/service")
i2 = session.post(
url="http://dig.chouti.com/login",
data={
'phone': "8615131255089",
'password': "xxooxxoo",
'oneMonth': ""
}
)
i3 = session.post(
url="http://dig.chouti.com/link/vote?linksId=8589523"
)
print(i3.text)
"""
抽屉新热榜
#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
import requests
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
# ############## 方式一 ##############
#
# # 1. 访问登陆页面，获取 authenticity_token
# i1 = requests.get('https://github.com/login')
# soup1 = BeautifulSoup(i1.text, features='lxml')
# tag = soup1.find(name='input', attrs={'name': 'authenticity_token'})
# authenticity_token = tag.get('value')
# c1 = i1.cookies.get_dict()
# i1.close()
#
# # 1. 携带authenticity_token和用户名密码等信息，发送用户验证
# form_data = {
# "authenticity_token": authenticity_token,
# "utf8": "",
# "commit": "Sign in",
# "login": "wupeiqi@live.com",
# 'password': 'xxoo'
# }
#
# i2 = requests.post('https://github.com/session', data=form_data, cookies=c1)
# c2 = i2.cookies.get_dict()
# c1.update(c2)
# i3 = requests.get('https://github.com/settings/repositories', cookies=c1)
#
# soup3 = BeautifulSoup(i3.text, features='lxml')
# list_group = soup3.find(name='div', class_='listgroup')
#
# from bs4.element import Tag
#
# for child in list_group.children:
# if isinstance(child, Tag):
# project_tag = child.find(name='a', class_='mr-1')
# size_tag = child.find(name='small')
# temp = "项目:%s(%s); 项目路径:%s" % (project_tag.get('href'), size_tag.string, project_tag.string, )
# print(temp)
# ############## 方式二 ##############
# session = requests.Session()
# # 1. 访问登陆页面，获取 authenticity_token
# i1 = session.get('https://github.com/login')
# soup1 = BeautifulSoup(i1.text, features='lxml')
# tag = soup1.find(name='input', attrs={'name': 'authenticity_token'})
# authenticity_token = tag.get('value')
# c1 = i1.cookies.get_dict()
# i1.close()
#
# # 1. 携带authenticity_token和用户名密码等信息，发送用户验证
# form_data = {
# "authenticity_token": authenticity_token,
# "utf8": "",
# "commit": "Sign in",
# "login": "wupeiqi@live.com",
# 'password': 'xxoo'
# }
#
# i2 = session.post('https://github.com/session', data=form_data)
# c2 = i2.cookies.get_dict()
# c1.update(c2)
# i3 = session.get('https://github.com/settings/repositories')
#
# soup3 = BeautifulSoup(i3.text, features='lxml')
# list_group = soup3.find(name='div', class_='listgroup')
#
# from bs4.element import Tag
#
# for child in list_group.children:
# if isinstance(child, Tag):
# project_tag = child.find(name='a', class_='mr-1')
# size_tag = child.find(name='small')
# temp = "项目:%s(%s); 项目路径:%s" % (project_tag.get('href'), size_tag.string, project_tag.string, )
# print(temp)
github
#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
import time
import requests
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
session = requests.Session()
i1 = session.get(
url='https://www.zhihu.com/#signin',
headers={
'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_10_5) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/54.0.2840.98 Safari/537.36',
}
)
soup1 = BeautifulSoup(i1.text, 'lxml')
xsrf_tag = soup1.find(name='input', attrs={'name': '_xsrf'})
xsrf = xsrf_tag.get('value')
current_time = time.time()
i2 = session.get(
url='https://www.zhihu.com/captcha.gif',
params={'r': current_time, 'type': 'login'},
headers={
'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_10_5) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/54.0.2840.98 Safari/537.36',
})
with open('zhihu.gif', 'wb') as f:
f.write(i2.content)
captcha = input('请打开zhihu.gif文件，查看并输入验证码：')
form_data = {
"_xsrf": xsrf,
'password': 'xxooxxoo',
"captcha": 'captcha',
'email': '424662508@qq.com'
}
i3 = session.post(
url='https://www.zhihu.com/login/email',
data=form_data,
headers={
'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_10_5) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/54.0.2840.98 Safari/537.36',
}
)
i4 = session.get(
url='https://www.zhihu.com/settings/profile',
headers={
'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_10_5) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/54.0.2840.98 Safari/537.36',
}
)
soup4 = BeautifulSoup(i4.text, 'lxml')
tag = soup4.find(id='rename-section')
nick_name = tag.find('span',class_='name').string
print(nick_name)
知乎
#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
import re
import json
import base64
import rsa
import requests
def js_encrypt(text):
b64der = 'MIGfMA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBAQUAA4GNADCBiQKBgQCp0wHYbg/NOPO3nzMD3dndwS0MccuMeXCHgVlGOoYyFwLdS24Im2e7YyhB0wrUsyYf0/nhzCzBK8ZC9eCWqd0aHbdgOQT6CuFQBMjbyGYvlVYU2ZP7kG9Ft6YV6oc9ambuO7nPZh+bvXH0zDKfi02prknrScAKC0XhadTHT3Al0QIDAQAB'
der = base64.standard_b64decode(b64der)
pk = rsa.PublicKey.load_pkcs1_openssl_der(der)
v1 = rsa.encrypt(bytes(text, 'utf8'), pk)
value = base64.encodebytes(v1).replace(b'\n', b'')
value = value.decode('utf8')
return value
session = requests.Session()
i1 = session.get('https://passport.cnblogs.com/user/signin')
rep = re.compile("'VerificationToken': '(.*)'")
v = re.search(rep, i1.text)
verification_token = v.group(1)
form_data = {
'input1': js_encrypt('wptawy'),
'input2': js_encrypt('asdfasdf'),
'remember': False
}
i2 = session.post(url='https://passport.cnblogs.com/user/signin',
data=json.dumps(form_data),
headers={
'Content-Type': 'application/json; charset=UTF-8',
'X-Requested-With': 'XMLHttpRequest',
'VerificationToken': verification_token}
)
i3 = session.get(url='https://i.cnblogs.com/EditDiary.aspx')
print(i3.text)
博客园
#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
import requests
# 第一步：访问登陆页,拿到X_Anti_Forge_Token，X_Anti_Forge_Code
# 1、请求url:https://passport.lagou.com/login/login.html
# 2、请求方法:GET
# 3、请求头:
# User-agent
r1 = requests.get('https://passport.lagou.com/login/login.html',
headers={
'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/63.0.3239.132 Safari/537.36',
},
)
X_Anti_Forge_Token = re.findall("X_Anti_Forge_Token = '(.*?)'", r1.text, re.S)[0]
X_Anti_Forge_Code = re.findall("X_Anti_Forge_Code = '(.*?)'", r1.text, re.S)[0]
print(X_Anti_Forge_Token, X_Anti_Forge_Code)
# print(r1.cookies.get_dict())
# 第二步：登陆
# 1、请求url:https://passport.lagou.com/login/login.json
# 2、请求方法:POST
# 3、请求头:
# cookie
# User-agent
# Referer:https://passport.lagou.com/login/login.html
# X-Anit-Forge-Code:53165984
# X-Anit-Forge-Token:3b6a2f62-80f0-428b-8efb-ef72fc100d78
# X-Requested-With:XMLHttpRequest
# 4、请求体：
# isValidate:true
# username:15131252215
# password:ab18d270d7126ea65915c50288c22c0d
# request_form_verifyCode:''
# submit:''
r2 = requests.post(
'https://passport.lagou.com/login/login.json',
headers={
'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/63.0.3239.132 Safari/537.36',
'Referer': 'https://passport.lagou.com/login/login.html',
'X-Anit-Forge-Code': X_Anti_Forge_Code,
'X-Anit-Forge-Token': X_Anti_Forge_Token,
'X-Requested-With': 'XMLHttpRequest'
},
data={
"isValidate": True,
'username': '15131255089',
'password': 'ab18d270d7126ea65915c50288c22c0d',
'request_form_verifyCode': '',
'submit': ''
},
cookies=r1.cookies.get_dict()
)
print(r2.text)
拉勾网