.NET通过PowerShell操作ExChange为用户开通邮箱账号
最近工作中一个web项目需要集成exchange邮箱服务，注册用户时需要动态创建邮箱用户，终于在http://www.cnblogs.com/gongguo/archive/2012/03/12/2392049.html中找到了解决方案。但在实现的过程中还是出现了些问题，经过几次尝试终于成功调用。
就自己碰到的问题记录下来共勉。
直接用C#代码访问ExChange不会报错，但不会成功创建邮箱用户，主要是因为权限不足导致。
微软出了一个PowerShell的命令行工具 能够用命令行来操作ExChange，创建邮箱账号的命令是 new-mailbox
可以通过把.Net类注册成COM+组件的方式来操作PowerShell。
这里需要注意的是， 当你的调试环境和exchange服务器环境不一样时（比如调试环境是win7 64，exchange服务器是winserver2008 64）,将编译的64位dll放在web项目里会报错，此时你可以忽略这个错误，只有放到exchange服务器后才会成功，所以最好调试环境和exchange服务器一致。
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我的流程就是
WebService->.NET写的PowerShell操作类注册成的COM+组件->ExChange
环境是:
VS2010 + ExChange2010 + Windows Server 2008 64位版 + IIS7.0
ps:这个COM+组件只能运行在安装ExChange的服务器上
公司的环境用的是ExChange2010, ExChange2010好像只有64位版的 只能安装在64位的系统上
所以下面会说到把COM+组件编译成64位的问题
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1 首先先创建com组件并注册
1）启动Visual Studio 2010
2）选择File ->“新建->”项目...
3）选择Windows
4）选择“类库”
5）在名称框中键入“PowerShellComponent “
6）点击确定。
7）添加下列引用
System.EnterpriseServices
System.DirectoryServices
System.Management.Automation 路径：
32位系统:
C:\ProgramFiles\ReferenceAssemblies\Microsoft\WindowsPowerShell\v1.\System.Management.Automation.dll
64位系统
C:\Program Files (x86)\Reference Assemblies\Microsoft\WindowsPowerShell\v1.0\System.Management.Automation.dll
接下来有关程序集的操作
1）在解决方案资源管理器，右键单击PowerShellComponent项目，选择属性，点击签名选项，选中"为程序集签名"，并创建一个新的强名称密钥称为“PowerShellComponent.snk” ， 不用设置密码。如下图
2）还是在项目属性窗口中，选择"应用程序"选项卡，然后点击“程序集信息...”，检查框，选中"使程序集COM可见"。如图
PS:如果运行这个com组件的机器是64位系统(32位的没试过),这里需要再加一步:
把项目的运行平台设置成64位的
还是在项目属性窗口中:
"生成"选项卡->目标平台->64位
->
3）打开AssemblyInfo.cs中，并添加“using System.EnterpriseServices;”,并添加
[assembly: ApplicationActivation(ActivationOption.Server)]
[assembly: ApplicationName("PowerShellComponent")]
[assembly: Description("Simple PowerShell Component Sample")]
[assembly: ApplicationAccessControl(
false,
AccessChecksLevel = AccessChecksLevelOption.Application,
Authentication = AuthenticationOption.None,
ImpersonationLevel = ImpersonationLevelOption.Identify)]
然后添加ManagementCommands类...
1）选择“解决方案资源管理器”查看选项卡。将Class1.cs文件重命名为“ManagementCommands.cs”。
类需要继承System.EnterpriseServices.ServicedComponent,否则不能被编译成COM+组件
2）添加引用如图并using
using System.EnterpriseServices;
using System.Security;
using System.Security.Principal;
using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
using System.Collections.ObjectModel;
using System.Management.Automation;
using System.Management.Automation.Host;
using System.Management.Automation.Runspaces;
using System.DirectoryServices;
using Microsoft.PowerShell.Commands;
using System.Collections;
3）拷贝下面的方法到类中
#region 根据登录名判断是否存在邮箱 public bool IsExistMailBox(string identity) { try { PSSnapInException PSException = null; RunspaceConfiguration runspaceConf = RunspaceConfiguration.Create(); runspaceConf.AddPSSnapIn("Microsoft.Exchange.Management.PowerShell.E2010", out PSException); Runspace runspace = RunspaceFactory.CreateRunspace(runspaceConf); runspace.Open(); Pipeline pipeline = runspace.CreatePipeline(); Command command = new Command("Get-Mailbox"); command.Parameters.Add("identity", identity); pipeline.Commands.Add(command); Collectionresult = pipeline.Invoke(); runspace.Close(); return (result != null && result.Count > 0); } catch (System.Exception ex) { throw ex; } } #endregion #region 创建邮箱账号 public bool NewMailbox(string name, string accountName, string pwd, string emailDomain, string organizationalUnit, string database) { string emailAdd = accountName + emailDomain; if (this.IsExistMailBox(emailAdd)) { throw new Exception("已经存在同名的邮箱"); } try { PSSnapInException PSException = null; RunspaceConfiguration runspaceConf = RunspaceConfiguration.Create(); runspaceConf.AddPSSnapIn("Microsoft.Exchange.Management.PowerShell.E2010", out PSException); Runspace runspace = RunspaceFactory.CreateRunspace(runspaceConf); runspace.Open(); Pipeline pipeline = runspace.CreatePipeline(); Command command = new Command("New-Mailbox"); char[] passwordChars = pwd.ToCharArray(); SecureString password = new SecureString(); foreach (char c in passwordChars) { password.AppendChar(c); } command.Parameters.Add("Name", name);//姓名 command.Parameters.Add("UserPrincipalName", emailAdd);//邮箱地址 command.Parameters.Add("SamAccountName", accountName);//登录名 command.Parameters.Add("Password", password);//密码 command.Parameters.Add("OrganizationalUnit", organizationalUnit);//组织单元 command.Parameters.Add("Database", database);//数据库 pipeline.Commands.Add(command); Collection result = pipeline.Invoke(); runspace.Close(); return this.IsExistMailBox(emailAdd); } catch (Exception ex) { throw ex; } } #endregion #region 删除邮箱账号（控制台和域都删除） public bool RemoveMailbox(string identity) { try { PSSnapInException PSException = null; RunspaceConfiguration runspaceConf = RunspaceConfiguration.Create(); runspaceConf.AddPSSnapIn("Microsoft.Exchange.Management.PowerShell.E2010", out PSException); Runspace runspace = RunspaceFactory.CreateRunspace(runspaceConf); runspace.Open(); Pipeline pipeline = runspace.CreatePipeline(); Command command = new Command("Remove-Mailbox"); command.Parameters.Add("Identity", identity); command.Parameters.Add("Confirm", false); pipeline.Commands.Add(command); Collection result = pipeline.Invoke(); runspace.Close(); return !this.IsExistMailBox(identity); } catch (System.Exception ex) { throw ex; } } #endregion #region 启用邮箱账号 public bool EnableMailbox(string identity) { try { PSSnapInException PSException = null; RunspaceConfiguration runspaceConf = RunspaceConfiguration.Create(); runspaceConf.AddPSSnapIn("Microsoft.Exchange.Management.PowerShell.E2010", out PSException); Runspace runspace = RunspaceFactory.CreateRunspace(runspaceConf); runspace.Open(); Pipeline pipeline = runspace.CreatePipeline(); Command command = new Command("Enable-Mailbox"); command.Parameters.Add("Identity", identity); command.Parameters.Add("Confirm", false); pipeline.Commands.Add(command); Collection result = pipeline.Invoke(); runspace.Close(); return this.IsExistMailBox(identity); } catch (Exception ex) { throw ex; } } #endregion #region 禁用邮箱账号 public bool DisableMailbox(string identity) { try { PSSnapInException PSException = null; RunspaceConfiguration runspaceConf = RunspaceConfiguration.Create(); runspaceConf.AddPSSnapIn("Microsoft.Exchange.Management.PowerShell.E2010", out PSException); Runspace runspace = RunspaceFactory.CreateRunspace(runspaceConf); runspace.Open(); Pipeline pipeline = runspace.CreatePipeline(); Command command = new Command("Disable-Mailbox"); command.Parameters.Add("Identity", identity); command.Parameters.Add("Confirm", false); pipeline.Commands.Add(command); Collection result = pipeline.Invoke(); runspace.Close(); return !this.IsExistMailBox(identity); } catch (Exception ex) { throw ex; } } #endregion #region 判断是否存在通讯组 public bool IsExistGroup(string identity) { try { PSSnapInException PSException = null; RunspaceConfiguration runspaceConf = RunspaceConfiguration.Create(); runspaceConf.AddPSSnapIn("Microsoft.Exchange.Management.PowerShell.E2010", out PSException); Runspace runspace = RunspaceFactory.CreateRunspace(runspaceConf); runspace.Open(); Pipeline pipeline = runspace.CreatePipeline(); Command command = new Command("Get-DistributionGroup"); command.Parameters.Add("identity", identity); pipeline.Commands.Add(command); Collection result = pipeline.Invoke(); runspace.Close(); return (result != null && result.Count > 0); } catch (System.Exception ex) { throw ex; } } #endregion #region 创建通讯组 public bool NewGroup(string name) { if (this.IsExistGroup(name)) { throw new Exception("已经存在相同的通讯组"); } try { PSSnapInException PSException = null; RunspaceConfiguration runspaceConf = RunspaceConfiguration.Create(); runspaceConf.AddPSSnapIn("Microsoft.Exchange.Management.PowerShell.E2010", out PSException); Runspace runspace = RunspaceFactory.CreateRunspace(runspaceConf); runspace.Open(); Pipeline pipeline = runspace.CreatePipeline(); Command command = new Command("New-DistributionGroup"); command.Parameters.Add("Name", name); pipeline.Commands.Add(command); Collection result = pipeline.Invoke(); runspace.Close(); return this.IsExistGroup(name); } catch (Exception ex) { throw ex; } } #endregion #region 删除通讯组 public bool RemoveGroup(string identity) { try { PSSnapInException PSException = null; RunspaceConfiguration runspaceConf = RunspaceConfiguration.Create(); runspaceConf.AddPSSnapIn("Microsoft.Exchange.Management.PowerShell.E2010", out PSException); Runspace runspace = RunspaceFactory.CreateRunspace(runspaceConf); runspace.Open(); Pipeline pipeline = runspace.CreatePipeline(); Command command = new Command("Remove-DistributionGroup"); command.Parameters.Add("Identity", identity); command.Parameters.Add("Confirm", false); pipeline.Commands.Add(command); Collection result = pipeline.Invoke(); runspace.Close(); return !this.IsExistGroup(identity); } catch (Exception ex) { throw ex; } } #endregion #region 添加通讯组成员 public bool AddGroupMember(string groupIdentity, string mailIdentity) { try { PSSnapInException PSException = null; RunspaceConfiguration runspaceConf = RunspaceConfiguration.Create(); runspaceConf.AddPSSnapIn("Microsoft.Exchange.Management.PowerShell.E2010", out PSException); Runspace runspace = RunspaceFactory.CreateRunspace(runspaceConf); runspace.Open(); Pipeline pipeline = runspace.CreatePipeline(); Command command = new Command("Add-DistributionGroupMember"); command.Parameters.Add("Identity", groupIdentity); command.Parameters.Add("Member", mailIdentity); pipeline.Commands.Add(command); Collection result = pipeline.Invoke(); runspace.Close(); return true; } catch (Exception ex) { throw ex; } } #endregion #region 删除通讯组成员 public bool RemoveGroupMember(string groupIdentity, string mailIdentity) { try { PSSnapInException PSException = null; RunspaceConfiguration runspaceConf = RunspaceConfiguration.Create(); runspaceConf.AddPSSnapIn("Microsoft.Exchange.Management.PowerShell.E2010", out PSException); Runspace runspace = RunspaceFactory.CreateRunspace(runspaceConf); runspace.Open(); Pipeline pipeline = runspace.CreatePipeline(); Command command = new Command("Remove-DistributionGroupMember"); command.Parameters.Add("Identity", groupIdentity); command.Parameters.Add("Member", mailIdentity); command.Parameters.Add("Confirm", false); pipeline.Commands.Add(command); Collection result = pipeline.Invoke(); runspace.Close(); return true; } catch (Exception ex) { throw ex; } } #endregion
PS: 这些都是ExChange的命令,暂时只封装了这么多,如果想实现更多的功能,只需要照着上面的例子把实现相应的ExChange命令就行了
在微软的官网上有ExChange的命令文档 http://msdn.microsoft.com/zh-cn/library/aa997174.aspx
最后运行生成项目,得到PowerShellComponent.dll，COM组件就创建好了。
接下来就是注册这个组件了：
步骤一：
【控制面板】→【管理工具】→【组件服务】
步骤二：
出现窗口后，【组件服务】→【计算机】→【我的电脑】→【COM+ 应用程序】单击右键 →新建→ 应用程序→安装向导下一步→创建空应用程序→输入空应用程序名称:PowerShellComponent,并选择激活类型为服务器应用程序→设置应用程序标示（账号选择下列用户 账号和密码是该服务器登录用户名和密码）→完成。
右键单击创建出来的PowerShellComoponent，选择属性，找到"标志"选项卡，选择 ”下列用户“ 填入计算机的登录用户名和密码，确定
步骤三：
创建好应用程序后 打开PowerShellComponent 出现 【组件】【旧版组件】【角色】 在【组件】上单击右键 →新建→组件
步骤三：
点下一步，出现如下窗口，选择【安装新组件】：
选择前面项目生成的PowerShellComponent.dll文件→【打开】点下一步，选择完成。
步骤四：
为刚刚注册的PowerShellComponent组件添加用户权限
打开PowerShellComponent 下面的【角色】-【CreatorOwner】-【用户】右键 【新建】 - 【用户】
在出来的窗口点[高级]-[位置]-选择[整个目录]-[立即查找]
因为WebServicce是发布在IIS上面的 所以我的IIS需要有权限来操作这个COM组件 所以我添加的是IIS的用户
在搜索出来的结果里面 选择IIS_IUSRS并添加, 如果是用winform来调用这个COM+组件 则应该要添加管理员帐号Administrator
如果在调用的过程中发生异常,可能是两个方面的原因:
1 如果com+组件在64位的环境下运行 是否有被编译成64位
2 权限问题
还有一个
因为操作的是ExChange2010 所以代码中是
PSSnapInInfo info = runspaceConf.AddPSSnapIn("Microsoft.Exchange.Management.PowerShell.E2010", out PSException);
如果你的ExChange是2007的 那么这行代码可能需要被改成
PSSnapInInfo info = runspaceConf.AddPSSnapIn("Microsoft.Exchange.Management.PowerShell.Admin", out PSException);