云间玉兔,自出机抒,从零开始制作Web插件网页特效小兔子组件(小挂件widget),基于原生CSS/NPM


著意登楼瞻玉兔,何人张幕遮银阙?又到了一年一度的网页小挂件环节,以往我们都是集成别人开源的组件,但所谓熟读唐诗三百首,不会做诗也会吟,熟读了别人的东西,做几首打油诗也是可以的,但若不能自出机抒,却也成不了大事,所以本次我们从零开始制作属于自己的网页小挂件,博君一晒。

玉兔主题元素绘制

成本最低的绘制方式是使用纯CSS,不依赖任何图片和三方库,首先创建绘制容器:

由于是小挂件,我们首先将容器固定在右下角:

#rabbit_box{  
  
    position: fixed;  
    bottom: var(--pos,5%);   
    right: 35px;   
    z-index: 99;   
    border: none;   
    outline: none;   
    filter: drop-shadow(3px 5px 2px rgb(0 0 0 / 0.4));  
  
  }

这里加了一层filter滤镜,可以让玉兔更加立体。

考虑到复用性和可移植性,将主题元素动态添加到容器中:

function rabbit_init(){  
  
    var container = document.getElementById("rabbit_box");  
  
    container.innerHTML = '
'; } rabbit_init()

这里玉兔元素由八个小组件构成,分别是头部,四肢,四爪,两只耳朵,眼睛,尾巴以及嘴。

随后设置CSS样式:

.rabbit .rabbit__body {  
    width: 4em;  
    height: 5.6em;  
    background: #F4F4F4;  
    border-radius: 50% 50% 50% 50%/60% 60% 40% 40%;  
    transform: rotate(-40deg);  
    box-shadow: inset -2.3em -2.7em 0 0 var(--theme-color,#D2DAEE);  
  }

兔子身体元素通过border-radius来获得圆润的曲线,同时使用transform旋转元素得到一个适合的角度。最后通过box-shadow属性来设置颜色,颜色可以自定义,如果没有自定义则使用默认值#D2DAEE,注意旋转角度需要指定单位:deg。

接着绘制头部:

.rabbit .rabbit__head {  
    position: absolute;  
    width: 4em;  
    height: 4.6em;  
    top: -2.5em;  
    left: -2em;  
    background: var(--theme-color,#e1e6f4);  
    border-radius: 50% 50% 50% 50%/65% 60% 40% 35%;  
    transform: rotate(-120deg);  
    overflow: hidden;  
  }  
  .rabbit .rabbit__head:before {  
    content: "";  
    position: absolute;  
    width: 0.65em;  
    height: 0.5em;  
    top: -0.1em;  
    left: 1.8em;  
    background: #F97996;  
    border-radius: 50% 50% 50% 50%/30% 30% 70% 70%;  
    transform: rotate(130deg);  
  }  
  .rabbit .rabbit__head:after {  
    content: "";  
    position: absolute;  
    width: 1em;  
    height: 1em;  
    top: 1.5em;  
    left: 1.6em;  
    background: #F4F4F4;  
    border-radius: 50%;  
    box-shadow: inset 0.1em 0.15em 0 0.37em #e2262e;  
  }

这里通过::before 和 ::after 伪元素在兔子头部元素的前面或后面插入内容,头部前面绘制兔嘴,后面则插入兔子眼睛,之所以这样控制,是因为可以灵活的使用box-shadow填充颜色。

接着绘制耳朵:

.rabbit .rabbit__ear {  
    position: absolute;  
    border-radius: 50% 50% 50% 50%/40% 40% 60% 60%;  
    transform-origin: 50% 100%;  
  }  
  .rabbit .rabbit__ear--left {  
    width: 2.2em;  
    height: 4.7em;  
    top: -5.7em;  
    left: -0.2em;  
    background: #F3E3DE;  
    transform: rotate(60deg);  
    box-shadow: inset 0.3em -0.4em 0 -0.1em var(--theme-color,#c7d1ea);  
    -webkit-animation: ear-left 3s infinite ease-out;  
            animation: ear-left 3s infinite ease-out;  
  }  
  .rabbit .rabbit__ear--right {  
    width: 2em;  
    height: 4.7em;  
    top: -5.5em;  
    left: -0.7em;  
    background: var(--theme-color,#D2DAEE);  
    transform: rotate(20deg);  
    -webkit-animation: ear-right 3s infinite ease-out;  
            animation: ear-right 3s infinite ease-out;  
  }

@-webkit-keyframes ear-left {  
    0%, 20%, 100% {  
      transform: rotate(40deg);  
    }  
    10%, 30%, 80% {  
      transform: rotate(45deg);  
    }  
    90% {  
      transform: rotate(50deg);  
    }  
  }  
    
  @keyframes ear-left {  
    0%, 20%, 100% {  
      transform: rotate(40deg);  
    }  
    10%, 30%, 80% {  
      transform: rotate(45deg);  
    }  
    90% {  
      transform: rotate(50deg);  
    }  
  }  
  @-webkit-keyframes ear-right {  
    0%, 20%, 100% {  
      transform: rotate(10deg);  
    }  
    10%, 30%, 80% {  
      transform: rotate(5deg);  
    }  
    90% {  
      transform: rotate(0deg);  
    }  
  }  
  @keyframes ear-right {  
    0%, 20%, 100% {  
      transform: rotate(10deg);  
    }  
    10%, 30%, 80% {  
      transform: rotate(5deg);  
    }  
    90% {  
      transform: rotate(0deg);  
    }  
  } 

这里通过-webkit-animation属性让兔子左右耳在3秒内进行来回摆动,达到一种动态效果,注意左耳内侧颜色固定为:#F3E3DE,同时动画会影响元素的布局,需要注意元素的宽高。

最后就是四肢和尾巴:

.rabbit .rabbit__leg {  
    position: absolute;  
  }  
  .rabbit .rabbit__leg--one {  
    width: 0.8em;  
    height: 3em;  
    top: 2.3em;  
    left: 0.2em;  
    background: var(--theme-color,#c7d1ea);  
    border-radius: 50% 50% 50% 50%/30% 30% 70% 70%;  
    transform-origin: 50% 0%;  
    transform: rotate(15deg);  
  }  
  .rabbit .rabbit__leg--one:before {  
    content: "";  
    position: absolute;  
    width: 0.8em;  
    height: 0.5em;  
    top: 2.6em;  
    left: -0.2em;  
    background: #f3f6ff;  
    border-radius: 50% 50% 50% 50%/70% 70% 30% 30%;  
    transform: rotate(-10deg);  
  }  
  .rabbit .rabbit__leg--three {  
    width: 0.9em;  
    height: 3em;  
    top: 2.4em;  
    left: 0.7em;  
    background: var(--theme-color,#e1e6f4);  
    border-radius: 50% 50% 50% 50%/30% 30% 70% 70%;  
    transform-origin: 50% 0%;  
    transform: rotate(10deg);  
  }  
  .rabbit .rabbit__leg--three:before {  
    content: "";  
    position: absolute;  
    width: 0.8em;  
    height: 0.5em;  
    top: 2.6em;  
    left: -0.2em;  
    background: #f3f6ff;  
    border-radius: 50% 50% 50% 50%/70% 70% 30% 30%;  
    transform: rotate(-10deg);  
  }  
  .rabbit .rabbit__leg--two {  
    width: 2.6em;  
    height: 3.6em;  
    top: 1.7em;  
    left: 1.6em;  
    background: #c7d1ea;  
    border-radius: 50% 50% 50% 50%/50% 50% 50% 50%;  
    transform-origin: 50% 0%;  
    transform: rotate(10deg);  
  }  
  .rabbit .rabbit__leg--two:before {  
    content: "";  
    position: absolute;  
    width: 1.6em;  
    height: 0.8em;  
    top: 3.05em;  
    left: 0em;  
    background: #f3f6ff;  
    border-radius: 50% 50% 50% 50%/70% 70% 30% 30%;  
    transform: rotate(-10deg);  
  }  
  .rabbit .rabbit__leg--four {  
    width: 2.6em;  
    height: 3.6em;  
    top: 1.8em;  
    left: 2.1em;  
    background: var(--theme-color,#e1e6f4);  
    border-radius: 50% 50% 50% 50%/50% 50% 50% 50%;  
    transform-origin: 50% 0%;  
    transform: rotate(10deg);  
  }  
  .rabbit .rabbit__leg--four:before {  
    content: "";  
    position: absolute;  
    width: 1.6em;  
    height: 0.8em;  
    top: 3.05em;  
    left: 0em;  
    background: #f3f6ff;  
    border-radius: 50% 50% 50% 50%/70% 70% 30% 30%;  
    transform: rotate(-10deg);  
  }  
  .rabbit .rabbit__tail {  
    position: absolute;  
    width: 0.9em;  
    height: 0.9em;  
    top: 3.7em;  
    left: 4em;  
    background: var(--theme-color,#D2DAEE);  
    transform: rotate(25deg);  
  }  
  .rabbit .rabbit__tail:after, .rabbit .rabbit__tail:before {  
    content: "";  
    position: absolute;  
    width: 100%;  
    height: 100%;  
    background: var(--theme-color,#D2DAEE);  
    border-radius: 50%;  
  }  
  .rabbit .rabbit__tail:before {  
    top: 0;  
    left: -50%;  
  }  
  .rabbit .rabbit__tail:after {  
    top: 50%;  
    left: 0;  
  }

这里四肢和四爪的颜色应该有差异,四肢颜色可以自定义,四爪固定为白色,以达到“四蹄踏雪”的效果。

接着改造初始化函数,使其可以动态更改颜色:

function rabbit_init(color=null,pos=null){  
  
    var container = document.getElementById("rabbit_box");  
  
    container.innerHTML = '
'; if(color != null){ document.documentElement.style.setProperty("--theme-color",color); } if(pos != null){ document.documentElement.style.setProperty("--pos",pos); } } rabbit_init("pink")

最终效果:

开源发布

现在我们将这个开源特效打包上线,首先创建项目目录:

mkdir rabbit

随后将特效的样式CSS代码以及JS代码分别抽离出来:rabbit.css:

.rabbit {  
    position: relative;  
  }  
  .rabbit .rabbit__body {  
    width: 4em;  
    height: 5.6em;  
    background: #F4F4F4;  
    border-radius: 50% 50% 50% 50%/60% 60% 40% 40%;  
    transform: rotate(-40deg);  
    box-shadow: inset -2.3em -2.7em 0 0 var(--theme-color,#D2DAEE);  
  }  
  .rabbit .rabbit__head {  
    position: absolute;  
    width: 4em;  
    height: 4.6em;  
    top: -2.5em;  
    left: -2em;  
    background: var(--theme-color,#e1e6f4);  
    border-radius: 50% 50% 50% 50%/65% 60% 40% 35%;  
    transform: rotate(-120deg);  
    overflow: hidden;  
  }  
  .rabbit .rabbit__head:before {  
    content: "";  
    position: absolute;  
    width: 0.65em;  
    height: 0.5em;  
    top: -0.1em;  
    left: 1.8em;  
    background: #F97996;  
    border-radius: 50% 50% 50% 50%/30% 30% 70% 70%;  
    transform: rotate(130deg);  
  }  
  .rabbit .rabbit__head:after {  
    content: "";  
    position: absolute;  
    width: 1em;  
    height: 1em;  
    top: 1.5em;  
    left: 1.6em;  
    background: #F4F4F4;  
    border-radius: 50%;  
    box-shadow: inset 0.1em 0.15em 0 0.37em #e2262e;  
  }  
  .rabbit .rabbit__ear {  
    position: absolute;  
    border-radius: 50% 50% 50% 50%/40% 40% 60% 60%;  
    transform-origin: 50% 100%;  
  }  
  .rabbit .rabbit__ear--left {  
    width: 2.2em;  
    height: 4.7em;  
    top: -5.7em;  
    left: -0.2em;  
    background: #F3E3DE;  
    transform: rotate(60deg);  
    box-shadow: inset 0.3em -0.4em 0 -0.1em var(--theme-color,#c7d1ea);  
    -webkit-animation: ear-left 3s infinite ease-out;  
            animation: ear-left 3s infinite ease-out;  
  }  
  .rabbit .rabbit__ear--right {  
    width: 2em;  
    height: 4.7em;  
    top: -5.5em;  
    left: -0.7em;  
    background: var(--theme-color,#D2DAEE);  
    transform: rotate(20deg);  
    -webkit-animation: ear-right 3s infinite ease-out;  
            animation: ear-right 3s infinite ease-out;  
  }  
  .rabbit .rabbit__leg {  
    position: absolute;  
  }  
  .rabbit .rabbit__leg--one {  
    width: 0.8em;  
    height: 3em;  
    top: 2.3em;  
    left: 0.2em;  
    background: var(--theme-color,#c7d1ea);  
    border-radius: 50% 50% 50% 50%/30% 30% 70% 70%;  
    transform-origin: 50% 0%;  
    transform: rotate(15deg);  
  }  
  .rabbit .rabbit__leg--one:before {  
    content: "";  
    position: absolute;  
    width: 0.8em;  
    height: 0.5em;  
    top: 2.6em;  
    left: -0.2em;  
    background: #f3f6ff;  
    border-radius: 50% 50% 50% 50%/70% 70% 30% 30%;  
    transform: rotate(-10deg);  
  }  
  .rabbit .rabbit__leg--three {  
    width: 0.9em;  
    height: 3em;  
    top: 2.4em;  
    left: 0.7em;  
    background: var(--theme-color,#e1e6f4);  
    border-radius: 50% 50% 50% 50%/30% 30% 70% 70%;  
    transform-origin: 50% 0%;  
    transform: rotate(10deg);  
  }  
  .rabbit .rabbit__leg--three:before {  
    content: "";  
    position: absolute;  
    width: 0.8em;  
    height: 0.5em;  
    top: 2.6em;  
    left: -0.2em;  
    background: #f3f6ff;  
    border-radius: 50% 50% 50% 50%/70% 70% 30% 30%;  
    transform: rotate(-10deg);  
  }  
  .rabbit .rabbit__leg--two {  
    width: 2.6em;  
    height: 3.6em;  
    top: 1.7em;  
    left: 1.6em;  
    background: #c7d1ea;  
    border-radius: 50% 50% 50% 50%/50% 50% 50% 50%;  
    transform-origin: 50% 0%;  
    transform: rotate(10deg);  
  }  
  .rabbit .rabbit__leg--two:before {  
    content: "";  
    position: absolute;  
    width: 1.6em;  
    height: 0.8em;  
    top: 3.05em;  
    left: 0em;  
    background: #f3f6ff;  
    border-radius: 50% 50% 50% 50%/70% 70% 30% 30%;  
    transform: rotate(-10deg);  
  }  
  .rabbit .rabbit__leg--four {  
    width: 2.6em;  
    height: 3.6em;  
    top: 1.8em;  
    left: 2.1em;  
    background: var(--theme-color,#e1e6f4);  
    border-radius: 50% 50% 50% 50%/50% 50% 50% 50%;  
    transform-origin: 50% 0%;  
    transform: rotate(10deg);  
  }  
  .rabbit .rabbit__leg--four:before {  
    content: "";  
    position: absolute;  
    width: 1.6em;  
    height: 0.8em;  
    top: 3.05em;  
    left: 0em;  
    background: #f3f6ff;  
    border-radius: 50% 50% 50% 50%/70% 70% 30% 30%;  
    transform: rotate(-10deg);  
  }  
  .rabbit .rabbit__tail {  
    position: absolute;  
    width: 0.9em;  
    height: 0.9em;  
    top: 3.7em;  
    left: 4em;  
    background: var(--theme-color,#D2DAEE);  
    transform: rotate(25deg);  
  }  
  .rabbit .rabbit__tail:after, .rabbit .rabbit__tail:before {  
    content: "";  
    position: absolute;  
    width: 100%;  
    height: 100%;  
    background: var(--theme-color,#D2DAEE);  
    border-radius: 50%;  
  }  
  .rabbit .rabbit__tail:before {  
    top: 0;  
    left: -50%;  
  }  
  .rabbit .rabbit__tail:after {  
    top: 50%;  
    left: 0;  
  }  
    
  @-webkit-keyframes ear-left {  
    0%, 20%, 100% {  
      transform: rotate(40deg);  
    }  
    10%, 30%, 80% {  
      transform: rotate(45deg);  
    }  
    90% {  
      transform: rotate(50deg);  
    }  
  }  
    
  @keyframes ear-left {  
    0%, 20%, 100% {  
      transform: rotate(40deg);  
    }  
    10%, 30%, 80% {  
      transform: rotate(45deg);  
    }  
    90% {  
      transform: rotate(50deg);  
    }  
  }  
  @-webkit-keyframes ear-right {  
    0%, 20%, 100% {  
      transform: rotate(10deg);  
    }  
    10%, 30%, 80% {  
      transform: rotate(5deg);  
    }  
    90% {  
      transform: rotate(0deg);  
    }  
  }  
  @keyframes ear-right {  
    0%, 20%, 100% {  
      transform: rotate(10deg);  
    }  
    10%, 30%, 80% {  
      transform: rotate(5deg);  
    }  
    90% {  
      transform: rotate(0deg);  
    }  
  }  
  
  #rabbit_box{  
  
    position: fixed;  
    bottom: var(--pos,5%);   
    right: 35px;   
    z-index: 99;   
    border: none;   
    outline: none;   
    filter: drop-shadow(3px 5px 2px rgb(0 0 0 / 0.4));  
  
  }

rabbit.js代码:

(function (name, context, fn) {  
    if (typeof module != 'undefined' && module.exports) {  
        // Node 环境  
        module.exports = fn();  
    } else if (typeof context['define'] == 'function' && (context['define']['amd'] || context['define']['cmd'])) {  
        // Require.js 或 Sea.js 环境  
        define(fn);  
    } else {  
        // client 环境  
        context[name] = fn();  
    }  
})('rabbit_init', this, function () {  
    return function (color=null,pos=null) {  
          
  
        var container = document.getElementById("rabbit_box");  
  
    container.innerHTML = '
'; if(color != null){ document.documentElement.style.setProperty("--theme-color",color); } if(pos != null){ document.documentElement.style.setProperty("--pos",pos); } } });

保存在项目的lib目录。

首先将项目提交到Github: https://github.com/zcxey2911/rabbit

随后运行命令填写NPM配置:

npm init

entry point 配置项填写你的入口文件:

entry point: ./lib/rabbit.js

登录NPM账号,随后发布:

npm login  
npm publish

登录之前,最好将切换回默认源,否则无法登录:

npm config set registry=https://registry.npmjs.com

发布成功后,查看发布内容:https://www.npmjs.com/package/rabbit-widget

开源库引入和使用

首先需要引入模块,可以使用 CDN 直接引入或者通过 NPM 包的形式安装。

直接引入:

  
  
  
  
  

NPM 包的形式安装:

// npm install --save rabbit-widget  
import 'rabbit-widget/lib/rabbit.css';  
  
var rabbit_init = require('rabbit-widget');  
  
rabbit_init();

如果使用NPM导入模块的形式引入,请确保页面加载完毕之后执行再执行rabbit_init();,否则会报错:Uncaught TypeError: Cannot set properties of null (setting 'innerHTML')。

这里以Vue.js3.0组件为例子:

  
  
  

项目中引入效果:

结语

奉上项目代码,与众亲同飨:https://github.com/zcxey2911/rabbit https://www.npmjs.com/package/rabbit-widget ,最后祝各位乡亲祥瑞玉兔,人机平安,愿诸君2023年武运昌隆,前端一统。