spring-data-jpa -hibernate --specificationExecutor
Specifications动态查询
在查询某个实体的时候,给定的条件是不固定的,这时就需要动态构建相应的查询语句,在Spring Data JPA中可以通过JpaSpecificationExecutor接口查询。相比JPQL,其优势是类型安全,更加的面向对象
import java.util.List; import org.springframework.data.domain.Page; import org.springframework.data.domain.Pageable; import org.springframework.data.domain.Sort; import org.springframework.data.jpa.domain.Specification; /** * JpaSpecificationExecutor中定义的方法 **/ public interface JpaSpecificationExecutor{ //根据条件查询一个对象 T findOne(Specification spec); //根据条件查询集合 List findAll(Specification spec); //根据条件分页查询 Page findAll(Specification spec, Pageable pageable); //排序查询查询 List findAll(Specification spec, Sort sort); //统计查询 long count(Specification spec); }
对于JpaSpecificationExecutor,这个接口基本是围绕着Specification接口来定义的。可以简单的理解为,Specification构造的就是查询条件。
//构造查询条件 /** * root :Root接口,代表查询的根对象,可以通过root获取实体中的属性 * query :代表一个顶层查询对象,用来自定义查询 * cb :用来构建查询,此对象里有很多条件方法 **/ public Predicate toPredicate(Rootroot, CriteriaQuery<?> query, CriteriaBuilder cb);
配置文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:jdbc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx" xmlns:jpa="http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa" xmlns:task="http://www.springframework.org/schema/task" xmlns:contxt="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xsi:schemaLocation=" http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc/spring-jdbc.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa/spring-jpa.xsd"> <bean id="entityManagerFactoryBean" class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean"> <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/> <property name="packagesToScan" value="com.ytfs.entity"/> <property name="persistenceProvider"> <bean class="org.hibernate.jpa.HibernatePersistenceProvider"/> property> <property name="jpaVendorAdapter"> <bean class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.vendor.HibernateJpaVendorAdapter"> <property name="showSql" value="true"/> <property name="database" value="MYSQL"/> <property name="databasePlatform" value="org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect"/> <property name="generateDdl" value="false"/> bean> property> bean> <bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.JpaTransactionManager"> <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/> bean> <jpa:repositories base-package="com.ytfs.dao" transaction-manager-ref="transactionManager" entity-manager-factory-ref="entityManagerFactoryBean"/> <context:component-scan base-package="com.ytfs"/> <context:property-placeholder location="classpath:jdbcConfig.properties"/> <bean id="dataSource" class="com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource"> <property name="driverClassName" value="${jdbc.driver}"/> <property name="username" value="${jdbc.username}"/> <property name="password" value="${jdbc.password}"/> <property name="url" value="${jdbc.url}"/> bean> beans>
jdbc.driver=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
jdbc.url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/jpa
jdbc.username=root
jdbc.password=root
实体类
package com.ytfs.entity; import javax.persistence.*; import java.io.Serializable; /** * @Classname Customer * @Description TODO(客户的实体类) * @Date 2020/5/6 16:15 * @Created by ytfs */ @Entity @Table(name = "cst_customer") public class Customer implements Serializable { /** * cust_id` bigint(32) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT COMMENT '客户编号(主键)', * `cust_name` varchar(32) NOT NULL COMMENT '客户名称(公司名称)', * `cust_source` varchar(32) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '客户信息来源', * `cust_industry` varchar(32) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '客户所属行业', * `cust_level` varchar(32) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '客户级别', * `cust_address` varchar(128) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '客户联系地址', * `cust_phone` v */ @Id @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY) @Column(name = "cust_id") private Long custId; @Column(name = "cust_name") private String custName; @Column(name = "cust_source") private String custSource; @Column(name = "cust_industry") private String custIndustry; @Column(name = "cust_level") private String custLevel; @Column(name = "cust_address") private String custAddress; @Column(name = "cust_phone") private String custPhone; public Long getCustId() { return custId; } public void setCustId(Long custId) { this.custId = custId; } public String getCustName() { return custName; } public void setCustName(String custName) { this.custName = custName; } public String getCustSource() { return custSource; } public void setCustSource(String custSource) { this.custSource = custSource; } public String getCustIndustry() { return custIndustry; } public void setCustIndustry(String custIndustry) { this.custIndustry = custIndustry; } public String getCustLevel() { return custLevel; } public void setCustLevel(String custLevel) { this.custLevel = custLevel; } public String getCustAddress() { return custAddress; } public void setCustAddress(String custAddress) { this.custAddress = custAddress; } public String getCustPhone() { return custPhone; } public void setCustPhone(String custPhone) { this.custPhone = custPhone; } @Override public String toString() { return "Customer{" + "custId=" + custId + ", custName='" + custName + '\'' + ", custSource='" + custSource + '\'' + ", custIndustry='" + custIndustry + '\'' + ", custLevel='" + custLevel + '\'' + ", custAddress='" + custAddress + '\'' + ", custPhone='" + custPhone + '\'' + '}'; } }
Dao接口
package com.ytfs.dao; import com.ytfs.entity.Customer; import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.JpaRepository; import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.JpaSpecificationExecutor; /** * @Classname ICustomerDao * @Description TODO(客户的数据访问层) * @Date 2020/5/6 16:20 * @Created by ytfs */ public interface ICustomerDao extends JpaRepository, JpaSpecificationExecutor { }
查询测试
package com.ytfs.test; import com.ytfs.dao.ICustomerDao; import com.ytfs.entity.Customer; import org.junit.Test; import org.junit.runner.RunWith; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.data.domain.Page; import org.springframework.data.domain.PageRequest; import org.springframework.data.domain.Pageable; import org.springframework.data.domain.Sort; import org.springframework.data.jpa.domain.Specification; import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration; import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner; import javax.persistence.criteria.*; import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.List; import java.util.Optional; /** * @Classname Test * @Description TODO(测试) * @Date 2020/5/6 16:21 * @Created by ytfs */ @RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class) @ContextConfiguration(locations = "classpath:applicationContext.xml") public class TestSpringDataJPA { @Autowired private ICustomerDao customerDao; /** * 根据名称查询用户 */ @Test public void testFindAll() { //匿名内部类 /** * 自定义查询条件 * 1.实现Specification接口(提供泛型:查询的对象类型) * 2.实现toPredicate方法(构造查询条件) * 3.需要借助方法参数中的两个参数( * root:获取需要查询的对象属性 * CriteriaBuilder:构造查询条件的,内部封装了很多的查询条件(模糊匹配,精准匹配) * ) * 案例:根据客户名称查询,查询客户名为传智播客的客户 * 查询条件 * 1.查询方式 * criteriaBuilder对象 * 2.比较的属性名称 * root对象 * */ Specificationspec = new Specification () { @Override public Predicate toPredicate(Root root, CriteriaQuery<?> criteriaQuery, CriteriaBuilder criteriaBuilder) { //1.获取比较的属性 Path