第一节:RestfulCRUD案例
一、Restful_CRUD_需求
1、显示所有员工信息
URI:emps
请求方式:GET
效果:
2、添加员工信息
(1)显示添加页面:
URI:emp
请求方式:GET
显示效果:
(2)添加员工信息
URI:emp
请求方式:POST
显示效果:完成添加,重定向到 list 页面
3、删除操作
URL:emp/{id}
请求方式:DELETE
删除后效果:对应记录从数据表中删除
4、修改操作:lastName 不可修改!
(1)显示修改页面
URI:emp/{id}
请求方式:GET
显示效果:回显表单
(2)修改员工信息
URI:emp
请求方式:PUT
显示效果:完成修改,重定向到 list 页面
效果:
二、环境搭建
1、添加依赖
2、创建配置文件:springmvc.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd">
<context:component-scan base-package="com.njf.rest">context:component-scan>
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
<property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/pages/">property>
<property name="suffix" value=".jsp">property>
bean>
<mvc:default-servlet-handler/>
<mvc:annotation-driven />
beans>
3、web.xml 相关配置
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee
http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd"
version="3.0">
<welcome-file-list>
<welcome-file>index.jspwelcome-file>
welcome-file-list>
<servlet>
<servlet-name>DispatcherServletservlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServletservlet-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocationparam-name>
<param-value>classpath:springmvc.xmlparam-value>
init-param>
<load-on-startup>1load-on-startup>
servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>DispatcherServletservlet-name>
<url-pattern>/url-pattern>
servlet-mapping>
<filter>
<filter-name>characterEncodingFilterfilter-name>
<filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilterfilter-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>encodingparam-name>
<param-value>UTF-8param-value>
init-param>
<init-param>
<param-name>forceEncodingparam-name>
<param-value>trueparam-value>
init-param>
filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>characterEncodingFilterfilter-name>
<url-pattern>/*url-pattern>
filter-mapping>
<filter>
<filter-name>HiddenHttpMethodFilterfilter-name>
<filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.HiddenHttpMethodFilterfilter-class>
filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>HiddenHttpMethodFilterfilter-name>
<url-pattern>/*url-pattern>
filter-mapping>
web-app>
4、增加实体类
Department:
public class Department {
private Integer id;
private String departmentName;
}
Employee:
public class Employee {
private Integer id;
private String lastName;
private String email;
private Integer gender;
private Department department;
}
5、增加dao层
DepartmentDao层:
@Repository
public class DepartmentDao {
private static Map departments = null;
static{
departments = new HashMap();
departments.put(101, new Department(101, "D-AA"));
departments.put(102, new Department(102, "D-BB"));
departments.put(103, new Department(103, "D-CC"));
departments.put(104, new Department(104, "D-DD"));
departments.put(105, new Department(105, "D-EE"));
}
public Collection getDepartments(){
return departments.values();
}
public Department getDepartment(Integer id){
return departments.get(id);
}
}
EmployeeDao层:
@Repository
public class EmployeeDao {
private static Map employees = null;
@Autowired
private DepartmentDao departmentDao;
static{
employees = new HashMap();
employees.put(1001, new Employee(1001, "E-AA", "aa@163.com", 1, new Department(101, "D-AA")));
employees.put(1002, new Employee(1002, "E-BB", "bb@163.com", 1, new Department(102, "D-BB")));
employees.put(1003, new Employee(1003, "E-CC", "cc@163.com", 0, new Department(103, "D-CC")));
employees.put(1004, new Employee(1004, "E-DD", "dd@163.com", 0, new Department(104, "D-DD")));
employees.put(1005, new Employee(1005, "E-EE", "ee@163.com", 1, new Department(105, "D-EE")));
}
private static Integer initId = 1006;
public void save(Employee employee){
if(employee.getId() == null){
employee.setId(initId++);
}
employee.setDepartment(departmentDao.getDepartment(employee.getDepartment().getId()));
employees.put(employee.getId(), employee);
}
public Collection getAll(){
return employees.values();
}
public Employee get(Integer id){
return employees.get(id);
}
public void delete(Integer id){
employees.remove(id);
}
}
三、显示所有员工信息
思路:
员工列表展示:访问index.jsp -->直接发送/emps --> 控制器查询所有员工 -->放在请求域中-->转发到list页面展示
1、添加访问链接
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<body>
<h2>Hello World!h2>
<a href="/hello">测试a>
<a href="/emps">员工信息a>
<%--访问项目就要展示员工列表页面--%>
<jsp:forward page="/emps">jsp:forward>
body>
html>
2、控制器
@RequestMapping(value = "/emps", method = RequestMethod.GET)
public String getEmps(Model model) {
Collection emps = employeeDao.getAll();
//默认放到 request 域中
model.addAttribute("emps", emps);
return "list";
}
3、SpringMVC中没遍历的标签,需要使用jstl标签进行集合遍历增加jstl标签库jar包
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<%@ taglib uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" prefix="c" %>
<html>
<head>
<title>员工信息title>
head>
<body>
<h2>员工信息h2>
<c:if test="${empty requestScope.emps }">
对不起,没有找到任何员工!
c:if>
<c:if test="${!empty requestScope.emps }">
<table border="1" cellpadding="10" cellspacing="0" >
<tr>
<th>编号th>
<th>姓名th>
<th>邮箱th>
<th>性别th>
<th>部门th>
<th>操作(<a href="emp">ADDa>)th>
tr>
<c:forEach items="${requestScope.emps }" var="emp">
<tr>
<td>${emp.id }td>
<td>${emp.lastName }td>
<td>${emp.email }td>
<td>${emp.gender == 0 ? '女':'男' }td>
<td>${emp.department.departmentName }td>
<td>
<a href="emp/${emp.id }">UPDAREa>
<a class="del" href="emp/${emp.id }">DELETEa>
td>
tr>
c:forEach>
table>
c:if>
body>
html>
四、添加操作
分析:
员工添加 --> 来到添加页面(add.jsp)--->输入员工数据 --> 点击保存 ---> 处理器收到员工请求保存请求(保存员工) -->保存完毕,来到列表页面
1、在 list.jsp 页面上添加链接
操作(ADD)
2、跳转到添加页面,并把部门信息放在请求域中
/**
* 去添加页面,把需要的部门信息放在请求域中带到页面
* @param model
* @return
*/
@RequestMapping(value = "/toAddPage", method = RequestMethod.GET)
public String toAddPage(Model model) {
Collection depts = departmentDao.getDepartments();
//默认放到 request 域中
model.addAttribute("depts", depts);
return "add";
}
3、添加信息页面
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<%@ taglib uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" prefix="c" %>
<html>
<head>
<title>添加员工信息title>
head>
<body>
<h2>添加员工信息h2>
<form action="/emp" method="post">
lastName:<input name="lastName" type="text"/><br/>
email:<input name="email" type="text"/><br/>
gender:<br>
男 <input type="radio" name="gender" value="1"><br/>
女 <input type="radio" name="gender" value="0"><br/>
dept:
<select name="department.id">
<c:forEach items="${depts}" var="dept">
<option value="${dept.id}">${dept.departmentName}option>
c:forEach>
select>
<br>
<input type="submit" value="保存">
form>
body>
html>
4、添加完毕,进行提交,并重定向到员工列表页面
@RequestMapping(value = "/emp", method = RequestMethod.POST)
public String addEmp(Employee employee) {
employeeDao.save(employee);
//重定向到 emps 查询所有,然后在 list.jsp 显示
return "redirect:/emps";
}
五、删除操作
这是一个删除操作,如果要使用 REST 风格,必须发送 DELETE请求。
所以,在这里,需要借助 HiddenHttpMethodFilter 过滤器,将 删除操作必须通过 POST 请求转换为 DELETE 请求。1、页面链接
<head>
<%
pageContext.setAttribute("ctp", request.getContextPath());
%>
<title>员工信息title>
<script type="text/javascript" src="${ctp}/js/jquery-1.8.2.min.js">script>
head>
...
<td>
<a href="${ctp}/emp/${emp.id}">UPDAREa>
<a class="del" href="${ctp}/emp/${emp.id }">DELETEa>
td>
...
<form id="del_from" action="${ctp}/emp/${emp.id }" method="post">
<input type="hidden" name="_method" value="DELETE">
form>
<script>
$(".del").click(function() {
if (confirm("确定删除吗?")) {
$("#del_from").attr("action", $(this).attr("href")).submit();// this.href == $(this).attr("href")
return false;
}
//将超链接的默认行为取消
return false;
});
script>
2、控制器方法
@RequestMapping(value = "/emp/{id}", method = RequestMethod.DELETE)
public String deleteEmpById(@PathVariable("id") Integer id) {
employeeDao.delete(id);
return "redirect:/emps";
}
图解:
HiddenHttpMethodFilter过滤器
发起请求,无法执行,因为delete请求必须通过post请求转换为delete请求,借助:HiddenHttpMethodFilter过滤器
六、修改操作
1、页面请求链接
UPDARE //把员工的id传过去,使数据能够回显
2、控制器方法
/**
* 获取要回显的数据,跳转到修改页面,并回显
* @param id
* @param map
* @return
*/
@RequestMapping(value="/emp/{id}", method=RequestMethod.GET)
public String toUpdate(@PathVariable("id") Integer id, Map map) {
//获取要修改的员工的信息
Employee emp = employeeDao.get(id);
//查询所有的部门信息,供用户选择
Collection depts = departmentDao.getDepartments();
map.put("emp", emp);
map.put("depts", depts);
return "update";
}
/**
* 修改员工信息
* @param employee
* @return
*/
@RequestMapping(value="/emp", method=RequestMethod.PUT)
public String updateEmp(Employee employee) {
employeeDao.save(employee);
return "redirect:/emps"; //重定向到 emps,查询员工在 list.jsp 显示
}