概念

一个正确的句子必须包含一个主谓结构。而在独立主格中，不存在真正的主语和谓语，只有逻辑上的主语和谓语。

独立主格的逻辑谓语由非谓语动词构成。它主要有以下三个特点：

• 独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不是同一个，它独立存在。
• 独立主格结构的位置比较灵活，一般位于句首，也可以位于句尾。
• 独立主格结构一般用逗号与句子隔开，与句子之间不使用任何连词。

常见形式

不定式的独立主格：

So much work to do, I will have to work overtime this Sunday.
So many letters to answer, the singer has to ask her assistant to help her.

现在分词的独立主格：

The rain having stopped, he went out for a walk.
The tour guide leading the way, we had no trouble getting out of the forest.

过去分词的独立主格：

The machine fixed, the worker found he colud do his work somoothly.
The students are listening attentively in class, their eyes fixed on the blackboard.

除此之外还有使用介词短语、形容词、副词以及 There being + 名词/代词的结构。

句法功能

独立主格可以表示谓语所发生的时间、原因等，理解成状语。

The question settled, we went back to the office.
Weather permitting, the will go on an outing to the beach tomorrow.