css水平垂直居中的12种方式
如何实现元素的水平垂直居中?这是一道常见面试题,本篇文章将就两种情形解答这一问题
(1)居中元素固定尺寸
- absolute + 负margin
- absolute + margin auto
- absolute + calc
(2)居中元素不定尺寸
- absolute + transform
- flex + justify-content + align-items
- flex + margin auto
- grid
- 行内块元素 + line-height
- 行内块元素 + 辅助元素
- 行内块元素 + css-table
- 行内块元素 + table
- 行内块元素 + writing-mode
一. 固定尺寸
1. absolute + 负margin
.container {
position: relative;
width: 500px;
height: 500px;
border: 1px solid #465468;
}
.box {
position: absolute;
top: 50%;
left: 50%;
width: 250px;
height: 250px;
margin-top: -125px; /* 设置为高度的一半 */
margin-left: -125px; /* 设置为宽度的一半 */
background-color: lightblue;
}
效果图:
2. absolute + margin auto
.container {
position: relative;
width: 500px;
height: 500px;
border: 1px solid #465468;
}
.box {
position: absolute;
top: 0;
right: 0;
bottom: 0;
left: 0;
width: 250px;
height: 250px;
margin: auto;
background-color: lightblue;
}
效果图:
3. absolute + calc
.container {
position: relative;
width: 500px;
height: 500px;
border: 1px solid #465468;
}
.box {
position: absolute;
top: calc(50% - 125px);
left: calc(50% - 125px);
width: 250px;
height: 250px;
background-color: lightblue;
}
效果图:
二. 非固定尺寸
1. position + absolute (依赖 translate 2d 的兼容性)
.father {
position: relative;
width: 500px;
height: 500px;
border: 1px solid #465468;
}
.box {
position: absolute;
top: 50%;
left: 50%;
transform: translate(-50%, -50%);
background-color: lightblue;
}
效果图:
2. flex + justify-content + align-items
.father {
display: flex;
width: 500px;
height: 500px;
border: 1px solid #465468;
justify-content: center;
align-items: center;
}
效果图:
3. flex + margin auto
.father {
display: flex;
width: 500px;
height: 500px;
border: 1px solid #465468;
}
.box {
margin: auto;
}
效果图:
4. grid (兼容性差,不推荐使用)
.father {
display: grid;
width: 500px;
height: 500px;
border: 1px solid #465468;
}
.box {
justify-self: center;
align-self: center;
}
效果图:
5. 行内块元素 + line-height (元素内容为文字时生效)
.father {
width: 500px;
height: 500px;
line-height: 500px;
border: 1px solid #465468;
text-align: center;
}
.box {
display: inline-block;
vertical-align: middle;
line-height: inherit;
}
不定尺寸
效果图:
6. 行内块元素 + 辅助元素
.father {
width: 500px;
height: 500px;
border: 1px solid #465468;
text-align: center;
font-size: 0px;
}
.box {
display: inline-block;
vertical-align: middle;
}
/* 辅助元素 */
.father::after {
content: "";
display: inline-block;
height: 100%;
vertical-align: middle;
}
效果图:
7. 行内块元素 + css-table
.father {
width: 500px;
height: 500px;
border: 1px solid #465468;
display: table-cell;
text-align: center;
vertical-align: middle;
}
.box {
display: inline-block;
}
效果图:
8. 行内块元素 + table (代码冗余,不推荐使用)
.father {
width: 500px;
height: 500px;
border: 1px solid #465468;
text-align: center;
}
.box {
display: inline-block;
}
效果图:
9. 行内块元素 + writing-mode
.father {
width: 500px;
height: 500px;
border: 1px solid #465468;
text-align: center;
writing-mode: vertical-lr;
text-align: center;
}
.inner {
display: inline-block;
width: 100%;
writing-mode: horizontal-tb;
text-align: center;
}
.box {
display: inline-block;
margin: auto;
}
效果图:
总结
- PC端有兼容性要求,宽高固定,推荐absolute + 负margin
- PC端有兼容要求,宽高不固定,推荐css-table
- PC端无兼容性要求,推荐flex
- 移动端推荐使用flex