Nginx之https配置 - 运维笔记【转】


一、Nginx安装(略)
安装的时候需要注意加上 --with-http_ssl_module,因为http_ssl_module不属于Nginx的基本模块。
Nginx安装方法:

1 2 # ./configure --user=www --group=www --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_ssl_module # make && make install

二、生成证书(略)
可以使用openssl生成证书:
可参考:http://www.cnblogs.com/kevingrace/p/5865501.html
比如生成如下两个证书文件(假设存放路径为/usr/local/nginx/cert/):
wangshibo.crt
wangshibo.key

三、修改Nginx配置

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 server {           listen 443;           server_name www.wangshibo.com;           root /var/www/vhosts/www.wangshibo.com/httpdocs/main/;             ssl on;           ssl_certificate /usr/local/nginx/cert/wangshibo.crt;           ssl_certificate_key /usr/local/nginx/cert/wangshibo.key;           ssl_session_timeout 5m;           ssl_protocols SSLv2 SSLv3 TLSv1;           ssl_ciphers HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5;               //或者是ssl_ciphers ALL:!ADH:!EXPORT56:RC4+RSA:+HIGH:+MEDIUM:+LOW:+SSLv2:+EXP;           ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;             access_log /var/www/vhosts/www.wangshibo.com/logs/clickstream_ssl.log main;           error_log /var/www/vhosts/www.wangshibo.com/logs/clickstream_error_ssl.log;            if ($remote_addr !~ ^(124.165.97.144|133.110.186.128|133.110.186.88)) {           //对访问的来源ip做白名单限制                 rewrite ^.*$ /maintence.php last;          }          location ~ \.php$ {               fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;               fastcgi_read_timeout 300;               fastcgi_index index.php;               fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;              #include fastcgi_params;              include fastcgi.conf;          } }

                                                    http访问强制跳转到https                                                       
网站添加了https证书后,当http方式访问网站时就会报404错误,所以需要做http到https的强制跳转设置.

一、采用nginx的rewrite方法

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 1) 下面是将所有的http请求通过rewrite重写到https上。     例如将所有的dev.wangshibo.com域名的http访问强制跳转到https。     下面配置均可以实现:   配置1: server {     listen 80;     server_name dev.wangshibo.com;     index index.html index.php index.htm;         access_log  /usr/local/nginx/logs/8080-access.log main;     error_log  /usr/local/nginx/logs/8080-error.log;           rewrite ^(.*)$  https://$host$1 permanent;        //这是ngixn早前的写法,现在还可以使用。        location ~ / {     root /var/www/html/8080;     index index.html index.php index.htm;     }     }   ================================================================ 上面的跳转配置rewrite ^(.*)$  https://$host$1 permanent; 也可以改为下面 rewrite ^/(.*)$ http://dev.wangshibo.com/$1 permanent; 或者 rewrite ^ http://dev.wangshibo.com$request_uri? permanent; ================================================================   配置2: server {     listen 80;     server_name dev.wangshibo.com;     index index.html index.php index.htm;         access_log  /usr/local/nginx/logs/8080-access.log main;     error_log  /usr/local/nginx/logs/8080-error.log;       return      301 https://$server_name$request_uri;      //这是nginx最新支持的写法        location ~ / {     root /var/www/html/8080;     index index.html index.php index.htm;     }     }   配置3:这种方式适用于多域名的时候,即访问wangshibo.com的http也会强制跳转到https://dev.wangshibo.com上面 server {     listen 80;     server_name dev.wangshibo.com wangshibo.com *.wangshibo.com;     index index.html index.php index.htm;         access_log  /usr/local/nginx/logs/8080-access.log main;     error_log  /usr/local/nginx/logs/8080-error.log;           if ($host ~* "^wangshibo.com$") {     rewrite ^/(.*)$ https://dev.wangshibo.com/ permanent;     }        location ~ / {     root /var/www/html/8080;     index index.html index.php index.htm;     }     }   配置4:下面是最简单的一种配置 server {     listen 80;     server_name dev.wangshibo.com;     index index.html index.php index.htm;         access_log  /usr/local/nginx/logs/8080-access.log main;     error_log  /usr/local/nginx/logs/8080-error.log;           if ($host = "dev.wangshibo.com") {        rewrite ^/(.*)$ http://dev.wangshibo.com permanent;     }       location ~ / {     root /var/www/html/8080;     index index.html index.php index.htm;     }     }

二、采用nginx的497状态码 (非标准443端口的https情况下使用的强转配置方式)

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 497 - normal request was sent to HTTPS  解释:当网站只允许https访问时,当用http访问时nginx会报出497错误码    思路: 利用error_page命令将497状态码的链接重定向到https://dev.wangshibo.com这个域名上   配置实例: 如下访问dev.wangshibo.com或者wangshibo.com的http都会被强制跳转到https server {     listen 80;     server_name dev.wangshibo.com wangshibo.com *.wangshibo.com;     index index.html index.php index.htm;         access_log  /usr/local/nginx/logs/8080-access.log main;     error_log  /usr/local/nginx/logs/8080-error.log;           error_page 497  https://$host$uri?$args;         location ~ / {     root /var/www/html/8080;     index index.html index.php index.htm;     }     }     也可以将80和443的配置放在一起: server {      listen       127.0.0.1:443;  #ssl端口      listen       127.0.0.1:80;   #用户习惯用http访问,加上80,后面通过497状态码让它自动跳到443端口      server_name  dev.wangshibo.com;      #为一个server{......}开启ssl支持      ssl                  on;      #指定PEM格式的证书文件       ssl_certificate      /etc/nginx/wangshibo.pem;       #指定PEM格式的私钥文件      ssl_certificate_key  /etc/nginx/wangshibo.key;              #让http请求重定向到https请求       error_page 497  https://$host$uri?$args;        location ~ / {     root /var/www/html/8080;     index index.html index.php index.htm;     }     }

                                                                                                                             

如果遇到非标准443端口的https情况下,则http到https的强转配置就需要使用上面这种497状态码的方式了。如下:

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 server {     listen 9443 ssl;     server_name www.kevin.com;     error_page 497 https://$server_name:9443$request_uri;           ssl_certificate /etc/nginx/cert/kevin.crt;     ssl_certificate_key /etc/nginx/cert/kevin.key; .........   这样访问http://www.kevin.com:9443 就会自动跳转到https://www.kevin.com:9443。 这种方式直接配置https端口就可以,不需要再配置http端口。

三、利用meta的刷新作用将http跳转到https

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 上述的方法均会耗费服务器的资源,可以借鉴百度使用的方法:巧妙的利用meta的刷新作用,将http跳转到https 可以基于http://dev.wangshibo.com的虚拟主机路径下写一个index.html,内容就是http向https的跳转   将下面的内容追加到index.html首页文件内 [root@localhost ~]# cat /var/www/html/8080/index.html   "refresh" content="0;url=https://dev.wangshibo.com/" </html>   [root@localhost ~]# cat /usr/local/nginx/conf/vhosts/test.conf server {     listen 80;     server_name dev.wangshibo.com wangshibo.com *.wangshibo.com;     index index.html index.php index.htm;         access_log  /usr/local/nginx/logs/8080-access.log main;     error_log  /usr/local/nginx/logs/8080-error.log;           #将404的页面重定向到https的首页      error_page  404 https://dev.wangshibo.com/;          location ~ / {     root /var/www/html/8080;              index index.html index.php index.htm;     }     }

                                                                                                                                                             
这里分享一个nginx反代tomcat,并且http强制跳转至https的配置示例(这里访问http://zrx.wangshibo.com和访问http://172.29.34.33:8080/zrx/结果是一样的)

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 [root@BJLX_34_33_V vhosts]# cat zrx.conf server {     listen 80;     server_name zrx.wangshibo.com;     index index.html index.php index.htm;          access_log  logs/access.log;     error_log   logs/error.log;        return      301 https://$server_name$request_uri;                location ~ / {     root /data/nginx/html;     index index.html index.php index.htm;     }     }     [root@BJLX_34_33_V vhosts]# cat ssl-zrx.conf upstream tomcat8 {     server 172.29.34.33:8080 max_fails=3 fail_timeout=30s; }   server {    listen 443;    server_name zrx.wangshibo.com;    ssl on;      ### SSL log files ###    access_log logs/ssl-access.log;    error_log logs/ssl-error.log;   ### SSL cert files ###    ssl_certificate ssl/wangshibo.cer;         ssl_certificate_key ssl/wangshibo.key;      ssl_session_timeout 5m;      location / {    proxy_pass http://tomcat8/zrx/;                                         proxy_next_upstream error timeout invalid_header http_500 http_502 http_503;    proxy_set_header Host $host;    proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;    proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;    proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto https;    proxy_redirect off; } }

四、通过proxy_redirec方式

1 2 3 解决办法: # re-write redirects to http as to https, example: /home proxy_redirect http:// https://;

转自

Nginx之https配置 - 运维笔记 - 找找看个人搜 - 博客园
https://zzk.cnblogs.com/my/s/blogpost-p?Keywords=Nginx%E4%B9%8Bhttps%E9%85%8D%E7%BD%AE%20-%20%E8%BF%90%E7%BB%B4%E7%AC%94%E8%AE%B0