第五章、Vue3高级
目录
- 二十一、项目搭建规范
- 1、创建项目
- 2、代码规范
- a、.editorconfig(编辑器编辑风格)
- b、prettier(代码格式化风格)
- c、eslint(代码风格检测工具)
- d、git Husky(提交前代码格式化风格)
- e、commitizen(提交信息格式化风格)
- f、commitlint(提交信息风格检测工具)
- 3、项目结构
- a、vue.config.js
- b、vue-router
- c、vuex
- d、element-plus
- e、axios
- f、环境变量
- g、tsconfig.json
- h、shims-vue.d.ts
- 二十二、项目实战细节
- 1、获取组件实例的类型
二十一、项目搭建规范
1、创建项目
- 命令
vue create vue3-ts
- 选项
? Please pick a preset:
- Manually select features
? Check the features needed for your project:
- Choose Vue version, Babel, TS, Router, Vuex, CSS Pre-processors, Linter
? Choose a version of Vue.js that you want to start the project with
- 3.x
? Use class-style component syntax?
- No
? Use Babel alongside TypeScript (required for modern mode, auto-detected polyfills, transpiling JSX)?
- Yes
? Use history mode for router? (Requires proper server setup for index fallback in production)
- No
? Pick a CSS pre-processor (PostCSS, Autoprefixer and CSS Modules are supported by default):
- Sass/SCSS (with dart-sass)
? Pick a linter / formatter config:
- Prettier
? Pick additional lint features:
- Lint on save
? Where do you prefer placing config for Babel, ESLint, etc.?
- In dedicated config files
? Save this as a preset for future projects?
- No
? Pick the package manager to use when installing dependencies:
- NPM
2、代码规范
a、.editorconfig(编辑器编辑风格)
# http://editorconfig.org
root = true
[*] # 表示所有文件适用
charset = utf-8 # 设置文件字符集为 utf-8
indent_style = space # 缩进风格(tab | space)
indent_size = 2 # 缩进大小
end_of_line = lf # 控制换行类型(lf | cr | crlf)
trim_trailing_whitespace = true # 去除行首的任意空白字符
insert_final_newline = true # 始终在文件末尾插入一个新行
[*.md] # 表示仅 md 文件适用以下规则
max_line_length = off
trim_trailing_whitespace = false
b、prettier(代码格式化风格)
- 安装
npm i -D prettier
- .prettierrc
{
"useTabs": false,
"tabWidth": 2,
"printWidth": 80,
"singleQuote": true,
"trailingComma": "none",
"semi": false
}
* useTabs:使用tab缩进还是空格缩进,选择false
* tabWidth:tab是空格的情况下,是几个空格,选择2个
* printWidth:当行字符的长度,推荐80,也有人喜欢100或者120
* singleQuote:使用单引号还是双引号,选择true,使用单引号
* trailingComma:在多行输入的尾逗号是否添加,设置为 `none`
* semi:语句末尾是否要加分号,默认值true,选择false表示不加
- .prettierignore
/dist/*
.local
.output.js
/node_modules/**
**/*.svg
**/*.sh
/public/*
- package.json
{
"scripts": {
"prettier": "prettier --write ."
}
}
c、eslint(代码风格检测工具)
- 安装
npm i -D eslint-plugin-prettier eslint-config-prettier
- .eslintrc.js
module.exports = {
root: true,
env: {
node: true
},
extends: [
'plugin:vue/vue3-essential',
'eslint:recommended',
'@vue/typescript/recommended',
'@vue/prettier',
'@vue/prettier/@typescript-eslint',
// 解决eslint和prettier的冲突
'plugin:prettier/recommended'
],
parserOptions: {
ecmaVersion: 2020
},
rules: {
'no-console': process.env.NODE_ENV === 'production' ? 'warn' : 'off',
'no-debugger': process.env.NODE_ENV === 'production' ? 'warn' : 'off',
'@typescript-eslint/no-var-requires': 'off',
'@typescript-eslint/no-explicit-any': 'off',
'@typescript-eslint/explicit-module-boundary-types': 'off'
}
}
d、git Husky(提交前代码格式化风格)
- 命令
################
# 1、用于拦截git命令
# 2、项目三处变化:
# - package.json多一个依赖({"devDependencies": {"husky": ""}})
# - 项目下多一个.husky目录
# - package.json多一个脚本({"scripts": {"prepare": "husky install"}})
################
npx husky-init && npm install
- .husky/pre-commit
#!/usr/bin/env sh
. "$(dirname -- "$0")/_/husky.sh"
npm run lint
e、commitizen(提交信息格式化风格)
- 安装
npm i -D commitizen
- 命令
################
# 1、项目两处变化:
# - package.json多一个依赖({"devDependencies": {"cz-conventional-changelog": ""}})
# - package.json多一个配置
# ({"config": {"commitizen": {"path": "./node_modules/cz-conventional-changelog"}}})
################
npx commitizen init cz-conventional-changelog --save-dev --save-exact
- package.json(代码的git提交操作使用此脚本)
{
"scripts": {
"commit": "cz"
}
}
- 选项
? Select the type of change that you're committing:
- 提交的类型
? What is the scope of this change (e.g. component or file name): (press enter to skip)
- 提交的范围
? Write a short, imperative tense description of the change (max 87 chars):
- 提交的简短描述信息
? Provide a longer description of the change: (press enter to skip)
- 提交的详细描述信息
? Are there any breaking changes?
- No
? Does this change affect any open issues?
- No
| 提交的类型 | 作用 |
|---|---|
| feat | 新增特性 (feature) |
| fix | 修复 Bug(bug fix) |
| docs | 修改文档 (documentation) |
| style | 代码格式修改(white-space, formatting, missing semi colons, etc) |
| refactor | 代码重构(refactor) |
| perf | 改善性能(A code change that improves performance) |
| test | 测试(when adding missing tests) |
| build | 变更项目构建或外部依赖(例如 scopes: webpack、gulp、npm 等) |
| ci | 更改持续集成软件的配置文件和 package 中的 scripts 命令,例如 scopes: Travis, Circle 等 |
| chore | 变更构建流程或辅助工具(比如更改测试环境) |
| revert | 代码回退 |
f、commitlint(提交信息风格检测工具)
- 安装
npm i -D @commitlint/config-conventional @commitlint/cli
- commitlint.config.js
module.exports = {
extends: ['@commitlint/config-conventional']
}
- 命令
################
# 1、项目一处变化:
# - .husky下多一个commit-msg文件
################
npx husky add .husky/commit-msg "npx --no-install commitlint --edit $1"
3、项目结构
a、vue.config.js
const path = require('path')
module.exports = {
// 1、方式一: 通过Vue CLI提供的选项来配置(推荐)
outputDir: 'dist',
publicPath: '/',
// 2、方式二: 通过configureWebpack(与webpack配置选项一致)
// 2.1、对象:合并webpack配置
configureWebpack: {
resolve: {
alias: {
components: '@/components'
}
}
},
// 2.2、函数:修改webpack配置
/*
configureWebpack: (config) => {
config.resolve.alias = {
'@': path.resolve(__dirname, 'src'),
components: '@/components'
}
},*/
// 3、方式三:通过chainWebpack(与webpack配置选项一致)
// 3.1、函数:修改webpack配置
/*
chainWebpack: (config) => {
config.resolve.alias
.set('@', path.resolve(__dirname, 'src'))
.set('components', '@/components')
}*/
}
b、vue-router
- 安装
npm i -S vue-router@next
- src/router/index.ts
import { createRouter, createWebHashHistory } from 'vue-router'
import type { RouteRecordRaw } from 'vue-router'
const routes: Array = [
{
path: '/',
redirect: '/home'
},
{
path: '/home',
component: () => import('../views/Home.vue')
},
{
path: '/about',
component: () => import('../views/About.vue')
}
]
const router = createRouter({
history: createWebHashHistory(),
routes
})
export default router
- src/main.ts
import { createApp } from 'vue'
import App from './App.vue'
import router from './router'
const app = createApp(App)
app.use(router)
app.mount('#app')
- src/App.vue
Home
About
c、vuex
- 安装
npm i -S vuex@next
- src/store/index.ts
import { createStore, useStore as useVuexStore } from 'vuex'
import user, { IUserState } from './modules/user'
export interface IRootState {
user: IUserState
}
export default createStore({
modules: {
user
}
})
export function useStore() {
return useVuexStore()
}
- src/store/modules/user.ts
import { IRootState } from '@/store'
export interface IUserState {
token: string
userInfo: {
id: string
nickname: string
}
}
const user: Module = {
namespaced: true,
state() {
return {
token: '',
userInfo: {
id: '',
nickname: ''
}
}
},
mutations: {},
actions: {}
}
export default user
- src/main.ts
import { createApp } from 'vue'
import App from './App.vue'
import store from './store'
const app = createApp(App)
app.use(store)
app.mount('#app')
- src/App.vue
d、element-plus
- 安装
npm i -S element-plus
- src/main.ts
import { createApp } from 'vue'
import App from './App.vue'
import ElementPlus from 'element-plus'
import 'element-plus/dist/index.css'
const app = createApp(App)
app.use(ElementPlus)
app.mount('#app')
- src/App.vue
黄婷婷
e、axios
- 安装
npm i -S axios
- 知识点
* Promise指定了泛型,则resolve(res)和.then(res=>{})的res就是any类型
* axios配置默认值优先级:请求的config参数 > 实例的defaults属性
* axios实例多个拦截器会合并,执行顺序是从后往前
- src/utils/request.ts
import axios from 'axios'
import type { AxiosRequestConfig } from 'axios'
import Cookies from 'js-cookie'
const service = axios.create({
baseURL: process.env.VUE_APP_BASE_API,
timeout: 5000
})
service.interceptors.request.use(
(config) => {
// 1、请求头添加令牌
const token = Cookies.get('token')
if (token && config.headers) {
config.headers.Authorization = `Bearer ${token}`
}
return config
},
(error) => {
return Promise.reject(error)
}
)
service.interceptors.response.use(
(response) => {
// 2、处理后端接口统一响应结果的状态码
switch (response.data.code) {
case 999:
console.log('错误')
break
default:
}
return response
},
(error) => {
// 3、处理http的状态码
switch (error.response.status) {
case 401:
console.log('未认证或令牌过期')
break
case 403:
console.log('无权限访问拒绝')
break
default:
}
return Promise.reject(error)
}
)
interface IResponseBody {
code: number
data: T
message: string
}
export default function (
config: AxiosRequestConfig
): Promise> {
return service(config).then((res) => {
return res.data
})
}
- src/api/user.ts
import request from '@/utils/request'
export function login(data: any) {
return request({
url: '/user/login',
method: 'post',
data
})
}
- src/App.vue
f、环境变量
* 模式:
- 脚本命令:vue-cli-service serve(默认--mode development)
引用文件:.env.development
NODE_ENV:process.env.NODE_ENV = "development"
- 脚本命令:vue-cli-service build(默认--mode production)
引用文件:.env.production
NODE_ENV:process.env.NODE_ENV = "production"
- 脚本命令:vue-cli-service build --mode staging(手动指定)
引用文件:.env.staging
NODE_ENV:process.env.NODE_ENV = "staging"
* NODE_ENV变量无需手动赋值
* 其他变量应以VUE_APP_开头才会自动注入到代码中
* .env优先级小于.env.development或.env.production等
g、tsconfig.json
{
"compilerOptions": {
// 目标代码:babel编译(esnext),tsc编译(es5)
"target": "esnext",
// 目标代码模块化方案:es模块化方案(esnext),模块化方案混合使用(umd)
"module": "esnext",
// ts严格模式
"strict": true,
// jsx处理:不转化处理(preserve)
"jsx": "preserve",
// 导入功能辅助
"importHelpers": true,
// 解析模块方式:后缀名顺序查找文件(node)
"moduleResolution": "node",
// 跳过第三方库的类型检测
"skipLibCheck": true,
// 源代码模块化方案:模块化方案混合使用
"esModuleInterop": true,
"allowSyntheticDefaultImports": true,
// 是否生成映射文件
"sourceMap": true,
// 文件解析路径
"baseUrl": ".",
// 解析类型
"types": [
"webpack-env"
],
// 路径别名(与webpack配置对应)
"paths": {
"@/*": [
"src/*"
]
},
// 基础类型库
"lib": [
"esnext",
"dom",
"dom.iterable",
"scripthost"
]
},
"include": [
"src/**/*.ts",
"src/**/*.tsx",
"src/**/*.vue",
"tests/**/*.ts",
"tests/**/*.tsx"
],
"exclude": [
"node_modules"
]
}
h、shims-vue.d.ts
/* eslint-disable */
/**
* 1、声明.vue文件:.vue文件导出的component对象的类型是DefineComponent<{}, {}, any>
* 2、.vue文件defineComponent函数:
* - 源码:function defineComponent(options) {return options}
* - 作用:可以使options具有类型限制
*/
declare module '*.vue' {
import type { DefineComponent } from 'vue'
const component: DefineComponent<{}, {}, any>
export default component
}
二十二、项目实战细节
1、获取组件实例的类型
- 父组件
减1按钮
- 子组件
{{ person }}
加1按钮