SpringBoot2.0集成Quartz

原文链接:https://www.jianshu.com/p/dc814e8014b0

https://blog.csdn.net/upxiaofeng/article/details/79415108

尝试使用springboot整合quartz实现定时任务持久化到数据库，并配置quartz的集群功能

首先介绍除了Quartz外实现定时任务的简单方式：

• timer
• ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor
• 以及spring自带的@Scheduled

一：使用Timer创建简单的定时任务

public class SchedulerDemo {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ScheduledExecutorService executorService = new ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor(5);
        executorService.scheduleWithFixedDelay(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                String now = LocalDateTime.now().format(DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern("HH:mm:ss"));
                System.out.println("ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor1 run:"+now);
            }
        },1,2,TimeUnit.SECONDS);
    }
}

scheduleWithFixedDelay跟schedule类似，而scheduleAtFixedRate与scheduleAtFixedRate一样会尽量减少漏掉调度的情况

三：在springboot环境下使用@Scheduled创建定时任务

1. 启动类添加@EnableScheduling
2. 定时任务方法上添加@Scheduled

>
    >org.quartz-scheduler>
    >quartz>
    >2.3.0>
>
>
    >org.quartz-scheduler>
    >quartz-jobs>
    >2.3.0>
>

2. 实现Job接口并且在execute方法中实现自己的业务逻辑

public class QuartzDemo {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        SchedulerFactory schedulerFactory = new StdSchedulerFactory();
        Scheduler scheduler = schedulerFactory.getScheduler();
        // 启动scheduler
        scheduler.start();
        // 创建HelloworldJob的JobDetail实例，并设置name/group
        JobDetail jobDetail = JobBuilder.newJob(HelloworldJob.class)
                .withIdentity("myJob","myJobGroup1")
                //JobDataMap可以给任务传递参数
                .usingJobData("job_param","job_param1")
                .build();
        // 创建Trigger触发器设置使用cronSchedule方式调度
        Trigger trigger = TriggerBuilder.newTrigger()
                .withIdentity("myTrigger","myTriggerGroup1")
                .usingJobData("job_trigger_param","job_trigger_param1")
                .startNow()
                //.withSchedule(SimpleScheduleBuilder.simpleSchedule().withIntervalInSeconds(5).repeatForever())
                .withSchedule(CronScheduleBuilder.cronSchedule("0/5 * * * * ? 2018"))
                .build();
        // 注册JobDetail实例到scheduler以及使用对应的Trigger触发时机
        scheduler.scheduleJob(jobDetail,trigger);
    }
}

SimpleTrigger和CronTrigger的区别：SimpleTrigger在具体的时间点执行一次或按指定时间间隔执行多次，CronTrigger按Cron表达式的方式去执行更常用。

二：配置Quartz的持久化方式

Quartz保存工作数据默认是使用内存的方式，上面的简单例子启动时可以在控制台日志中看到JobStore是RAMJobStore使用内存的模式，然后是not clustered表示不是集群中的节点

  默认使用RAMJobStore

1. 持久化则需要配置JDBCJobStore方式，首先到官网下载Quartz压缩包，解压后在docs\dbTables目录下看到很多对应不同数据库的SQL脚本，我这里选择mysql数据库且使用innodb引擎对应是tables_mysql_innodb.sql，打开可以看到需要添加11个QRTZ_开头的表
     tables_mysql_innodb.sql
2. 在classpath路径下也就是项目resources根目录下添加quartz.properties配置文件

>
    >c3p0>
    >c3p0>
    >0.9.1.2>
>

修改自定义连接池则需要实现org.quartz.utils.ConnectionProvider接口quartz.properties添加配置
org.quartz.dataSource.myDS(数据源名).connectionProvider.class=XXX(自定义ConnectionProvider全限定名)

4. 启动后可以发现控制台输出信息：JobStoreTX，以及数据库中也添加了相关记录
     Quartz配置持久化成功

三：SpringBoot2.0集成Quartz

1. 只需要引入starter

public class HiJob extends QuartzJobBean {
    @Autowired
    HelloworldService myService;
    @Override
    protected void executeInternal(JobExecutionContext jobExecutionContext) throws JobExecutionException {
        myService.printHelloWorld();
        System.out.println("    Hi! :" + jobExecutionContext.getJobDetail().getKey());
    }
}

这里HelloworldService打印一条helloworld模拟调用service的场景

3. 添加配置类

spring:
  #配置数据源
  datasource:
    driver-class-name: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
    url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/testquartz?serverTimezone=UTC&useSSL=false&useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=UTF-8
    username: root
    password: password
  quartz:
    #持久化到数据库方式
    job-store-type: jdbc
    initialize-schema: embedded
    properties:
      org:
        quartz:
          scheduler:
            instanceName: MyScheduler
            instanceId: AUTO
          jobStore:
            class: org.quartz.impl.jdbcjobstore.JobStoreTX
            driverDelegateClass: org.quartz.impl.jdbcjobstore.StdJDBCDelegate
            tablePrefix: QRTZ_
            isClustered: true
            clusterCheckinInterval: 10000
            useProperties: false
          threadPool:
            class: org.quartz.simpl.SimpleThreadPool
            threadCount: 10
            threadPriority: 5
            threadsInheritContextClassLoaderOfInitializingThread: true

参考springboot文档
以及其他教程：http://blog.yuqiyu.com/spring-boot-chapter47.html

  截取自springboot文档配置示例
启动后可以发现使用的是项目统一的数据源：（LocalDataSourceJobStore extends JobStoreCMT）
  LocalDataSourceJobStore

5. Quartz使用同一组数据库表作集群只需要配置相同的instanceName实例名称，以及设置org.quartz.jobStore.isClustered = true
   启动两个节点后关闭其中正在跑任务的节点，另一个节点会自动检测继续运行定时任务
   

     自动切换

6. 多任务的问题，多个JobDetail使用同一个Trigger报错：Trigger does not reference given job!，这样的话估计只能创建多组trigger和JobDetail配对？

scheduler.scheduleJob(jobDetail,trigger);
// 一个Job可以对应多个Trigger，但多个Job绑定一个Trigger报错
scheduler.scheduleJob(jobDetail2,trigger);

SpringBoot自带schedule

沿用的springboot少xml配置的优良传统，本身支持表达式等多种定时任务
注意在程序启动的时候加上@EnableScheduling

@Scheduled(cron="0/5 * * * * ?")
    public void job(){
        System.out.println("每五秒执行一次");
    }

为什么要使用Quartz

多任务情况下，quartz更容易管理，可以实现动态配置
执行时间表达式：

表达式示例：

集成Quartz

如何搭建springboot就不再细说，官网和网上的教程很多。

maven依赖

<dependency>
            <groupId>org.quartz-schedulergroupId>
            <artifactId>quartzartifactId>
            <version>2.2.1version>
        dependency>

测试Job类
SchedulerQuartzJob1和SchedulerQuartzJob2代码差不多就不一一列出

package com.yvan.quartz.job;

import org.quartz.Job;
import org.quartz.JobExecutionContext;
import org.quartz.JobExecutionException;
/**
 * 实现Job接口
 * @author yvan
 *
 */
public class SchedulerQuartzJob1 implements Job{
    private void before(){
        System.out.println("任务开始执行");
    }

    @Override
    public void execute(JobExecutionContext arg0) throws JobExecutionException {
        before();
        System.out.println("开始："+System.currentTimeMillis());
        // TODO 业务
        System.out.println("结束："+System.currentTimeMillis());
        after();
    }

    private void after(){
        System.out.println("任务开始执行");
    }

}

任务调用处理
将其拆分成两个部分

• 实例化Job，将任务触发器加入任务调度中

    private void startJob1(Scheduler scheduler) throws SchedulerException {
        // 通过JobBuilder构建JobDetail实例，JobDetail规定只能是实现Job接口的实例
        // JobDetail 是具体Job实例
        JobDetail jobDetail = JobBuilder.newJob(SchedulerQuartzJob1.class).withIdentity("job1", "group1").build();
        // 基于表达式构建触发器
        CronScheduleBuilder cronScheduleBuilder = CronScheduleBuilder.cronSchedule("0/5 * * * * ?");
        // CronTrigger表达式触发器 继承于Trigger
        // TriggerBuilder 用于构建触发器实例
        CronTrigger cronTrigger = TriggerBuilder.newTrigger().withIdentity("job1", "group1")
                .withSchedule(cronScheduleBuilder).build();
        scheduler.scheduleJob(jobDetail, cronTrigger);
    }

    private void startJob2(Scheduler scheduler) throws SchedulerException {
        JobDetail jobDetail = JobBuilder.newJob(SchedulerQuartzJob2.class).withIdentity("job2", "group2").build();
        CronScheduleBuilder cronScheduleBuilder = CronScheduleBuilder.cronSchedule("0 0/5 * * * ?");
        CronTrigger cronTrigger = TriggerBuilder.newTrigger().withIdentity("job2", "group2")
                .withSchedule(cronScheduleBuilder).build();
        scheduler.scheduleJob(jobDetail, cronTrigger);
    }

• 对外提供关于动态管理任务的方法

    /**
     * 开始执行所有任务
     * 
     * @throws SchedulerException
     */
    public void startJob() throws SchedulerException {
        startJob1(scheduler);
        startJob2(scheduler);
        scheduler.start();
    }

    /**
     * 获取Job信息
     * 
     * @param name
     * @param group
     * @return
     * @throws SchedulerException
     */
    public String getJobInfo(String name, String group) throws SchedulerException {
        TriggerKey triggerKey = new TriggerKey(name, group);
        CronTrigger cronTrigger = (CronTrigger) scheduler.getTrigger(triggerKey);
        return String.format("time:%s,state:%s", cronTrigger.getCronExpression(),
                scheduler.getTriggerState(triggerKey).name());
    }

    /**
     * 修改某个任务的执行时间
     * 
     * @param name
     * @param group
     * @param time
     * @return
     * @throws SchedulerException
     */
    public boolean modifyJob(String name, String group, String time) throws SchedulerException {
        Date date = null;
        TriggerKey triggerKey = new TriggerKey(name, group);
        CronTrigger cronTrigger = (CronTrigger) scheduler.getTrigger(triggerKey);
        String oldTime = cronTrigger.getCronExpression();
        if (!oldTime.equalsIgnoreCase(time)) {
            CronScheduleBuilder cronScheduleBuilder = CronScheduleBuilder.cronSchedule(time);
            CronTrigger trigger = TriggerBuilder.newTrigger().withIdentity(name, group)
                    .withSchedule(cronScheduleBuilder).build();
            date = scheduler.rescheduleJob(triggerKey, trigger);
        }
        return date != null;
    }

    /**
     * 暂停所有任务
     * 
     * @throws SchedulerException
     */
    public void pauseAllJob() throws SchedulerException {
        scheduler.pauseAll();
    }

    /**
     * 暂停某个任务
     * 
     * @param name
     * @param group
     * @throws SchedulerException
     */
    public void pauseJob(String name, String group) throws SchedulerException {
        JobKey jobKey = new JobKey(name, group);
        JobDetail jobDetail = scheduler.getJobDetail(jobKey);
        if (jobDetail == null)
            return;
        scheduler.pauseJob(jobKey);
    }

    /**
     * 恢复所有任务
     * 
     * @throws SchedulerException
     */
    public void resumeAllJob() throws SchedulerException {
        scheduler.resumeAll();
    }

    /**
     * 恢复某个任务
     * 
     * @param name
     * @param group
     * @throws SchedulerException
     */
    public void resumeJob(String name, String group) throws SchedulerException {
        JobKey jobKey = new JobKey(name, group);
        JobDetail jobDetail = scheduler.getJobDetail(jobKey);
        if (jobDetail == null)
            return;
        scheduler.resumeJob(jobKey);
    }

    /**
     * 删除某个任务
     * 
     * @param name
     * @param group
     * @throws SchedulerException
     */
    public void deleteJob(String name, String group) throws SchedulerException {
        JobKey jobKey = new JobKey(name, group);
        JobDetail jobDetail = scheduler.getJobDetail(jobKey);
        if (jobDetail == null)
            return;
        scheduler.deleteJob(jobKey);
    }

• 完整代码

package com.yvan.quartz;

import java.util.Date;

import org.quartz.CronScheduleBuilder;
import org.quartz.CronTrigger;
import org.quartz.JobBuilder;
import org.quartz.JobDetail;
import org.quartz.JobKey;
import org.quartz.Scheduler;
import org.quartz.SchedulerException;
import org.quartz.TriggerBuilder;
import org.quartz.TriggerKey;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;

import com.yvan.quartz.job.SchedulerQuartzJob1;
import com.yvan.quartz.job.SchedulerQuartzJob2;
/**
 * 任务调度处理
 * @author yvan
 *
 */
@Configuration
public class QuartzScheduler {
    // 任务调度
    @Autowired
    private Scheduler scheduler;

    /**
     * 开始执行所有任务
     * 
     * @throws SchedulerException
     */
    public void startJob() throws SchedulerException {
        startJob1(scheduler);
        startJob2(scheduler);
        scheduler.start();
    }

    /**
     * 获取Job信息
     * 
     * @param name
     * @param group
     * @return
     * @throws SchedulerException
     */
    public String getJobInfo(String name, String group) throws SchedulerException {
        TriggerKey triggerKey = new TriggerKey(name, group);
        CronTrigger cronTrigger = (CronTrigger) scheduler.getTrigger(triggerKey);
        return String.format("time:%s,state:%s", cronTrigger.getCronExpression(),
                scheduler.getTriggerState(triggerKey).name());
    }

    /**
     * 修改某个任务的执行时间
     * 
     * @param name
     * @param group
     * @param time
     * @return
     * @throws SchedulerException
     */
    public boolean modifyJob(String name, String group, String time) throws SchedulerException {
        Date date = null;
        TriggerKey triggerKey = new TriggerKey(name, group);
        CronTrigger cronTrigger = (CronTrigger) scheduler.getTrigger(triggerKey);
        String oldTime = cronTrigger.getCronExpression();
        if (!oldTime.equalsIgnoreCase(time)) {
            CronScheduleBuilder cronScheduleBuilder = CronScheduleBuilder.cronSchedule(time);
            CronTrigger trigger = TriggerBuilder.newTrigger().withIdentity(name, group)
                    .withSchedule(cronScheduleBuilder).build();
            date = scheduler.rescheduleJob(triggerKey, trigger);
        }
        return date != null;
    }

    /**
     * 暂停所有任务
     * 
     * @throws SchedulerException
     */
    public void pauseAllJob() throws SchedulerException {
        scheduler.pauseAll();
    }

    /**
     * 暂停某个任务
     * 
     * @param name
     * @param group
     * @throws SchedulerException
     */
    public void pauseJob(String name, String group) throws SchedulerException {
        JobKey jobKey = new JobKey(name, group);
        JobDetail jobDetail = scheduler.getJobDetail(jobKey);
        if (jobDetail == null)
            return;
        scheduler.pauseJob(jobKey);
    }

    /**
     * 恢复所有任务
     * 
     * @throws SchedulerException
     */
    public void resumeAllJob() throws SchedulerException {
        scheduler.resumeAll();
    }

    /**
     * 恢复某个任务
     * 
     * @param name
     * @param group
     * @throws SchedulerException
     */
    public void resumeJob(String name, String group) throws SchedulerException {
        JobKey jobKey = new JobKey(name, group);
        JobDetail jobDetail = scheduler.getJobDetail(jobKey);
        if (jobDetail == null)
            return;
        scheduler.resumeJob(jobKey);
    }

    /**
     * 删除某个任务
     * 
     * @param name
     * @param group
     * @throws SchedulerException
     */
    public void deleteJob(String name, String group) throws SchedulerException {
        JobKey jobKey = new JobKey(name, group);
        JobDetail jobDetail = scheduler.getJobDetail(jobKey);
        if (jobDetail == null)
            return;
        scheduler.deleteJob(jobKey);
    }

    private void startJob1(Scheduler scheduler) throws SchedulerException {
        // 通过JobBuilder构建JobDetail实例，JobDetail规定只能是实现Job接口的实例
        // JobDetail 是具体Job实例
        JobDetail jobDetail = JobBuilder.newJob(SchedulerQuartzJob1.class).withIdentity("job1", "group1").build();
        // 基于表达式构建触发器
        CronScheduleBuilder cronScheduleBuilder = CronScheduleBuilder.cronSchedule("0/5 * * * * ?");
        // CronTrigger表达式触发器 继承于Trigger
        // TriggerBuilder 用于构建触发器实例
        CronTrigger cronTrigger = TriggerBuilder.newTrigger().withIdentity("job1", "group1")
                .withSchedule(cronScheduleBuilder).build();
        scheduler.scheduleJob(jobDetail, cronTrigger);
    }

    private void startJob2(Scheduler scheduler) throws SchedulerException {
        JobDetail jobDetail = JobBuilder.newJob(SchedulerQuartzJob2.class).withIdentity("job2", "group2").build();
        CronScheduleBuilder cronScheduleBuilder = CronScheduleBuilder.cronSchedule("0 0/5 * * * ?");
        CronTrigger cronTrigger = TriggerBuilder.newTrigger().withIdentity("job2", "group2")
                .withSchedule(cronScheduleBuilder).build();
        scheduler.scheduleJob(jobDetail, cronTrigger);
    }
}

• Scheduler 注入
  这里采用监听spring容器加载完毕后事件，启动任务调用
  将Scheduler交给spring初始化管理

package com.yvan.quartz;

import org.quartz.Scheduler;
import org.quartz.SchedulerException;
import org.quartz.SchedulerFactory;
import org.quartz.impl.StdSchedulerFactory;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationListener;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.context.event.ContextRefreshedEvent;

@Configuration
public class ApplicationStartQuartzJobListener implements ApplicationListener<ContextRefreshedEvent>{
    @Autowired
    private QuartzScheduler quartzScheduler;

    /**
     * 初始启动quartz
     */
    @Override
    public void onApplicationEvent(ContextRefreshedEvent event) {
        try {
            quartzScheduler.startJob();
            System.out.println("任务已经启动...");
        } catch (SchedulerException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    /**
     * 初始注入scheduler
     * @return
     * @throws SchedulerException
     */
    @Bean
    public Scheduler scheduler() throws SchedulerException{
        SchedulerFactory schedulerFactoryBean = new StdSchedulerFactory();
        return schedulerFactoryBean.getScheduler(); 
    }

}

• 封装API
  这里封装的API主要是为了方便动态管理执行任务，当然依赖这些接口也可以做一个界面来更直观的操作管理任务，这个就不再赘述。

package com.yvan.controller.quartzApi;

import org.quartz.SchedulerException;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

import com.yvan.quartz.QuartzScheduler;

/**
 * 这里并没有采用restful风格 只是简单封装了一下api
 * 
 * @author yvan
 *
 */
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/quartz")
public class QuartzApiController {
    @Autowired
    private QuartzScheduler quartzScheduler;

    @RequestMapping("/start")
    public void startQuartzJob() {
        try {
            quartzScheduler.startJob();
        } catch (SchedulerException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    @RequestMapping("/info")
    public String getQuartzJob(String name, String group) {
        String info = null;
        try {
            info = quartzScheduler.getJobInfo(name, group);
        } catch (SchedulerException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return info;
    }

    @RequestMapping("/modify")
    public boolean modifyQuartzJob(String name, String group, String time) {
        boolean flag = true;
        try {
            flag = quartzScheduler.modifyJob(name, group, time);
        } catch (SchedulerException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return flag;
    }

    @RequestMapping(value = "/pause")
    public void pauseQuartzJob(String name, String group) {
        try {
            quartzScheduler.pauseJob(name, group);
        } catch (SchedulerException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    @RequestMapping(value = "/pauseAll")
    public void pauseAllQuartzJob() {
        try {
            quartzScheduler.pauseAllJob();
        } catch (SchedulerException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    @RequestMapping(value = "/delete")
    public void deleteJob(String name, String group) {
        try {
            quartzScheduler.deleteJob(name, group);
        } catch (SchedulerException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

}

• 运行结果

 任务已经启动...
18-03-02 14:39:46,879  INFO TomcatEmbeddedServletContainer:201 - Tomcat started on port(s): 8080 (http)
  18-03-02 14:39:46,883  INFO Start:57 - Started Start in 3.18 seconds (JVM running for 3.47)
  任务开始执行
开始：1519972790003
结束：1519972790003
任务开始执行
任务开始执行
开始：1519972795000
结束：1519972795000
任务开始执行