Linux中手动安装MySQL
步骤一：安装MySQL
1.运行以下命令更新YUM源：
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sudo rpm -Uvh https://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql80-community-release-el7-3.noarch.rpm2.安装MySQL：
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sudo yum -y install mysql-community-server --enablerepo=mysql80-community --nogpgcheck3.查看MySQL版本信息：
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mysql -V
mysql Ver 8.0.28 for Linux on x86_64 (MySQL Community Server - GPL)步骤二：配置MySQL
1.启动MySQL服务
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systemctl start mysqld2.设置MySQL服务开机自启动
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systemctl enable mysqld3.查看/var/log/mysqld.log文件，获取并修改root用户初始化密码
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[root@hua30 ~]# grep 'temporary password' /var/log/mysqld.log
2022-03-21T07:55:57.425757Z 6 [Note] [MY-010454] [Server] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: w;-14>ww2*E14.执行命令：mysql_secure_installation，对MySQL进行安全性配置
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[root@huan30 ~]# mysql_secure_installation
# 1.重置root用户初始化密码
Enter password for user root: #输入已获取的root用户初始密码
The existing password for the user account root has expired. Please set a new password.
New password: #输入新的MySQL密码
Re-enter new password: #重复输入新的MySQL密码
The 'validate_password' component is installed on the server.
The subsequent steps will run with the existing configuration
of the component.
Using existing password for root.
Change the password for root ? ((Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) :Y #输入Y选择更新MySQL密码。您也可以输入N不再更新MySQL密码。
New password: #输入新的MySQL密码
Re-enter new password: #重复输入新的MySQL密码
Estimated strength of the password: 100
Do you wish to continue with the password provided?(Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) :Y #输入Y确认使用已设置的密码。
# 2.删除匿名用户
By default, a MySQL installation has an anonymous user,
allowing anyone to log into MySQL without having to have
a user account created for them. This is intended only for
testing, and to make the installation go a bit smoother.
You should remove them before moving into a production
environment.
Remove anonymous users? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) :Y #输入Y删除MySQL默认的匿名用户。
Success.
# 3.禁止root账号远程登录
Normally, root should only be allowed to connect from
'localhost'. This ensures that someone cannot guess at
the root password from the network.
Disallow root login remotely? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) :Y #输入Y禁止root远程登录。
Success.
# 4.删除test库以及test库的访问权限
By default, MySQL comes with a database named 'test' that
anyone can access. This is also intended only for testing,
and should be removed before moving into a production
environment.
Remove test database and access to it? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) :Y #输入Y删除test库以及对test库的访问权限。
- Dropping test database...
Success.
- Removing privileges on test database...
Success.
# 5.重新加载授权表
Reloading the privilege tables will ensure that all changes
made so far will take effect immediately.
Reload privilege tables now? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) :Y #输入Y重新加载授权表。
Success.
All done!5.查看MySQL运行状态：systemctl status mysqld
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[root@hua30 ~]# systemctl status mysqld
● mysqld.service - MySQL Server
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
Active: active (running) since 一 2022-03-21 15:56:00 CST; 16h ago
Docs: man:mysqld(8)
http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html
Main PID: 23110 (mysqld)
Status: "Server is operational"
Tasks: 40
Memory: 500.7M
CGroup: /system.slice/mysqld.service
└─23310 /usr/sbin/mysqld
3月 21 15:55:54 hua30 systemd[1]: Starting MySQL Server...
3月 21 15:56:00 hua30 systemd[1]: Started MySQL Server.
6.查看MySQL安装路径：find / -name mysql or whereis mysql
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[root@hua30 ~]# find / -name mysql
/var/lib/mysql
/var/lib/mysql/mysql
/usr/bin/mysql
/usr/lib64/mysql
/etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/mysql查看代码
[root@hua30 ~]# whereis mysql
mysql: /usr/bin/mysql /usr/lib64/mysql /usr/share/man/man1/mysql.1.gz步骤三：登录MySQL
1.登录MySQL数据库：mysql -u root -p，回车输入密码
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[root@hua30 ~]# mysql -u root -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 48
Server version: 8.0.28 MySQL Community Server - GPL
Copyright (c) 2000, 2022, Oracle and/or its affiliates.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> 2.创建MySQL远程登录账号：
注意 实际创建账号时，需将示例密码123456更换为符合要求的密码，并妥善保存。密码要求：长度为8至30个字符，必须同时包含大小写英文字母、数字和特殊符号。可以使用以下特殊符号：()` ~!@#$%^&*-;‘<>,.?/
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mysql> create user 'mysql_user'@'%' identified by '123456'; #创建数据库用户mysql_user,并授予远程连接权限。
mysql> grant all privileges on *.* to 'mysql_user'@'%'; #为mysql_user用户授权数据库所有权限。
mysql> flush privileges; #刷新权限。3.查看创建用户信息及密码解密方式
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mysql> select host,user,plugin from user;
+-----------+------------------+-----------------------+
| host | user | plugin |
+-----------+------------------+-----------------------+
| % | mysql_user | mysql_native_password |
| localhost | mysql.infoschema | caching_sha2_password | |
+-----------+------------------+-----------------------+
# plugin为密码解密方式