搭建k8s二进制高可用集群

一、前置知识点

1.1 生产环境可部署Kubernetes集群的两种方式

目前生产部署Kubernetes集群主要有两种方式：

kubeadm
Kubeadm是一个K8s部署工具，提供kubeadm init和kubeadm join，用于快速部署Kubernetes集群。
官方地址：https://kubernetes.io/docs/reference/setup-tools/kubeadm/kubeadm/
二进制包
从github下载发行版的二进制包，手动部署每个组件，组成Kubernetes集群。
Kubeadm降低部署门槛，但屏蔽了很多细节，遇到问题很难排查。如果想更容易可控，推荐使用二进
制包部署Kubernetes集群，虽然手动部署麻烦点，期间可以学习很多工作原理，也利于后期维护。

1.2 安装要求

在开始之前，部署Kubernetes集群机器需要满足以下几个条件：

一台或多台机器，操作系统 CentOS7.x-86_x64
硬件配置：2c2g30g 以上或更多
可以访问外网，需要拉取镜像，如果服务器不能上网，需要提前下载镜像并导入节点
禁止swap分区

1.3 准备环境

软件环境：

软件	版本
操作系统	CentOS7.x _x64 (x最好5以上)
Docker	19-ce
Kubernetes	1.18

服务器整体规划：

角色	IP	组件
k8s-master1	172.18.154.175	kube-apiserver，kube-controller- manager，kube-scheduler，etcd
k8s-master2	172.18.154.176	kube-apiserver，kube-controller- manager，kube-scheduler，etcd
k8s-master3	172.18.154.185	kube-apiserver，kube-controller- manager，kube-scheduler，etcd
k8s-node1	172.18.154.196	kubelet，kube-proxy，docker etcd

# 关闭防火墙
systemctl stop firewalld
systemctl disable firewalld

# 关闭selinux
sed -i 's/enforcing/disabled/' /etc/selinux/config  # 永久
setenforce 0  # 临时

# 关闭swap
swapoff -a  # 临时
sed -ri 's/.*swap.*/#&/' /etc/fstab    # 永久

# 根据规划设置主机名
hostnamectl set-hostname k8s-master1

hostnamectl set-hostname k8s-node1

# 在master添加hosts
cat >> /etc/hosts << EOF
172.18.154.175 k8s-master1
172.18.154.196 k8s-node1
EOF

# 将桥接的IPv4流量传递到iptables的链
cat > /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf << EOF
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1
EOF
sysctl --system  # 生效

# 时间同步
yum install ntpdate -y
ntpdate time.windows.com

二、部署Etcd集群

Etcd 是一个分布式键值存储系统，Kubernetes使用Etcd进行数据存储，所以先准备一个Etcd数据库，为解决Etcd单点故障，应采用集群方式部署，这里使用3台组建集群，可容忍1台机器故障，当然，你也可以使用5台组建集群，可容忍2台机器故障。

节点名称	IP
etcd-1	172.18.154.175
etcd-2	172.18.154.176
etcd-3	172.18.154.185

注：为了节省机器，这里与K8s节点机器复用。也可以独立于k8s集群之外部署，只要apiserver能连接到就行。

2.1 准备cfssl证书生成工具

cfssl是一个开源的证书管理工具，使用json文件生成证书，相比openssl更方便使用。
找任意一台服务器操作，这里用Master节点。

wget https://pkg.cfssl.org/R1.2/cfssl_linux-amd64
wget https://pkg.cfssl.org/R1.2/cfssljson_linux-amd64
wget https://pkg.cfssl.org/R1.2/cfssl-certinfo_linux-amd64
chmod +x cfssl_linux-amd64 cfssljson_linux-amd64 cfssl-certinfo_linux-amd64
mv cfssl_linux-amd64 /usr/local/bin/cfssl
mv cfssljson_linux-amd64 /usr/local/bin/cfssljson
mv cfssl-certinfo_linux-amd64 /usr/bin/cfssl-certinfo

2.2 生成Etcd证书

1. 自签证书颁发机构（CA）

创建工作目录：

mkdir -p ~/TLS/{etcd,k8s}
cd ~/TLS/etcd

自签CA：

cat > ca-config.json << EOF
{
  "signing": {
    "default": {
      "expiry": "87600h"
    },
    "profiles": {
      "www": {
         "expiry": "87600h",
         "usages": [
            "signing",
            "key encipherment",
            "server auth",
            "client auth"
        ]
      }
    }
  }
}
EOF

cat > ca-csr.json << EOF
{
    "CN": "etcd CA",
    "key": {
        "algo": "rsa",
        "size": 2048
    },
    "names": [
        {
            "C": "CN",
            "L": "Beijing",
            "ST": "Beijing"
        }
    ]
}
EOF

生成证书：

cfssl gencert -initca ca-csr.json |cfssljson -bare ca -

注：我这里没有环境变量所以也没执行成功，添加一下即可

# vim /etc/profile
在文档最后，添加:
export PATH="/usr/local/bin:$PATH"
保存，退出，然后运行：
#source /etc/profile
#echo $PATH

2. 使用自签CA签发Etcd HTTPS证书

创建证书申请文件：

cat > server-csr.json << EOF
{
    "CN": "etcd",
    "hosts": [
    "172.18.154.175",
    "172.18.154.176",
    "172.18.154.185"
    ],
    "key": {
        "algo": "rsa",
        "size": 2048
    },
    "names": [
        {
            "C": "CN",
            "L": "BeiJing",
            "ST": "BeiJing"
        }
    ]
}
EOF

注：上述文件hosts字段中IP为所有etcd节点的集群内部通信IP，一个都不能少！为了方便后期扩容可以多写几个预留的IP。

生成证书：

cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=www server-csr.json | cfssljson -bare server

2.3 从Github下载二进制文件

wget https://github.com/etcd-io/etcd/releases/download/v3.4.9/etcd-v3.4.9-linux-amd64.tar.gz

2.4 部署Etcd集群

以下在节点1上操作，为简化操作，待会将节点1生成的所有文件拷贝到节点2和节点3.

mkdir /opt/etcd/{bin,cfg,ssl} -p
tar zxvf etcd-v3.4.9-linux-amd64.tar.gz
mv etcd-v3.4.9-linux-amd64/{etcd,etcdctl} /opt/etcd/bin/

创建etcd配置文件

eip1=172.18.154.175
eip2=172.18.154.176
eip3=172.18.154.185

cat > /opt/etcd/cfg/etcd.conf << EOF
#[Member]
ETCD_NAME="etcd-1"
ETCD_DATA_DIR="/var/lib/etcd/default.etcd"
ETCD_LISTEN_PEER_URLS="https://$eip1:2380"
ETCD_LISTEN_CLIENT_URLS="https://$eip1:2379"
#[Clustering]
ETCD_INITIAL_ADVERTISE_PEER_URLS="https://$eip1:2380"
ETCD_ADVERTISE_CLIENT_URLS="https://$eip1:2379"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER="etcd-1=https://$eip1:2380,etcd-2=https://$eip2:2380,etcd-3=https://$eip3:2380"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_TOKEN="etcd-cluster"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_STATE="new"
EOF

ETCD_NAME：节点名称，集群中唯一
ETCD_DATA_DIR：数据目录
ETCD_LISTEN_PEER_URLS：集群通信监听地址
ETCD_LISTEN_CLIENT_URLS：客户端访问监听地址
ETCD_INITIAL_ADVERTISE_PEER_URLS：集群通告地址
ETCD_ADVERTISE_CLIENT_URLS：客户端通告地址
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER：集群节点地址
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_TOKEN：集群Token
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_STATE：加入集群的当前状态，new是新集群，existing表示加入已有集群

systemd管理etcd

cat > /usr/lib/systemd/system/etcd.service << EOF
[Unit]
Description=Etcd Server
After=network.target
After=network-online.target
Wants=network-online.target
[Service]
Type=notify
EnvironmentFile=/opt/etcd/cfg/etcd.conf
ExecStart=/opt/etcd/bin/etcd \
--cert-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/server.pem \
--key-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/server-key.pem \
--peer-cert-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/server.pem \
--peer-key-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/server-key.pem \
--trusted-ca-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/ca.pem \
--peer-trusted-ca-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/ca.pem \
--logger=zap
Restart=on-failure
LimitNOFILE=65536
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF

拷贝刚才生成的证书
把刚才生成的证书拷贝到配置文件中的路径：

cp ~/TLS/etcd/ca*pem ~/TLS/etcd/server*pem /opt/etcd/ssl/

启动并设置开机启动
第一次可能会启动超时，再次启动即可

systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start etcd
systemctl enable etcd

将上面节点1所有生成的文件拷贝到节点2和节点3

scp -r /opt/etcd/ root@172.18.154.176:/opt/
scp /usr/lib/systemd/system/etcd.service root@172.18.154.176:/usr/lib/systemd/system/
scp -r /opt/etcd/ root@172.18.154.185:/opt/
scp /usr/lib/systemd/system/etcd.service root@172.18.154.185:/usr/lib/systemd/system/

然后在节点2和节点3分别修改etcd.conf配置文件中的节点名称和当前服务器IP：

vi /opt/etcd/cfg/etcd.conf
#[Member]
ETCD_NAME="etcd-1"   # 修改此处，节点2改为etcd-2，节点3改为etcd-3
ETCD_DATA_DIR="/var/lib/etcd/default.etcd"
ETCD_LISTEN_PEER_URLS="https://192.168.31.71:2380"   # 修改此处为当前服务器IP
ETCD_LISTEN_CLIENT_URLS="https://192.168.31.71:2379" # 修改此处为当前服务器IP

#[Clustering]
ETCD_INITIAL_ADVERTISE_PEER_URLS="https://192.168.31.71:2380" # 修改此处为当前服务器IP
ETCD_ADVERTISE_CLIENT_URLS="https://192.168.31.71:2379" # 修改此处为当前服务器IP
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER="etcd-1=https://192.168.31.71:2380,etcd-2=https://192.168.31.72:2380,etcd-3=https://192.168.31.73:2380"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_TOKEN="etcd-cluster"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_STATE="new"

最后启动etcd并设置开机启动，同上。

查看集群状态

ETCDCTL_API=3 /opt/etcd/bin/etcdctl --cacert=/opt/etcd/ssl/ca.pem --cert=/opt/etcd/ssl/server.pem --key=/opt/etcd/ssl/server-key.pem --endpoints="https://172.18.154.175:2379,https://172.18.154.176:2379,https://172.18.154.185:2379" endpoint health --write-out=table

+-----------------------------+--------+-------------+-------+
|          ENDPOINT           | HEALTH |    TOOK     | ERROR |
+-----------------------------+--------+-------------+-------+
| https://172.18.154.175:2379 |   true | 15.964551ms |       |
| https://172.18.154.176:2379 |   true | 15.899261ms |       |
| https://172.18.154.185:2379 |   true | 15.872859ms |       |
+-----------------------------+--------+-------------+-------+

如果输出上面信息，就说明集群部署成功。如果有问题第一步先看日志：/var/log/message 或 journalctl -u etcd

三、安装Docker

下载地址：https://download.docker.com/linux/static/stable/x86_64/docker-19.03.9.tgz

以下在所有节点操作。这里采用二进制安装，用yum安装也一样。

3.1 解压二进制包

wget https://download.docker.com/linux/static/stable/x86_64/docker-19.03.9.tgz
tar zxvf docker-19.03.9.tgz
mv docker/* /usr/bin

3.2 systemd管理docker

cat > /usr/lib/systemd/system/docker.service << EOF
[Unit]
Description=Docker Application Container Engine
Documentation=https://docs.docker.com
After=network-online.target firewalld.service
Wants=network-online.target
[Service]
Type=notify
ExecStart=/usr/bin/dockerd
ExecReload=/bin/kill -s HUP $MAINPID
LimitNOFILE=infinity
LimitNPROC=infinity
LimitCORE=infinity
TimeoutStartSec=0
Delegate=yes
KillMode=process
Restart=on-failure
StartLimitBurst=3
StartLimitInterval=60s
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF

3.3 创建配置文件

mkdir /etc/docker
cat > /etc/docker/daemon.json << EOF
{
  "registry-mirrors": ["https://b9pmyelo.mirror.aliyuncs.com"]
}
EOF

registry-mirrors 阿里云镜像加速器

3.4 启动并设置开机启动

systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start docker
systemctl enable docker

四、部署Master Node

4.1 生成kube-apiserver证书

自签证书颁发机构（CA）

cd ~/TLS/k8s
cat > ca-config.json << EOF
{
  "signing": {
    "default": {
      "expiry": "87600h"
    },
    "profiles": {
      "kubernetes": {
         "expiry": "87600h",
         "usages": [
            "signing",
            "key encipherment",
            "server auth",
            "client auth"
        ]
      }
    }
  }
}
EOF
cat > ca-csr.json << EOF
{
    "CN": "kubernetes",
    "key": {
        "algo": "rsa",
        "size": 2048
    },
    "names": [
        {
            "C": "CN",
            "L": "Beijing",
            "ST": "Beijing",
            "O": "k8s",
            "OU": "System"
        }
    ]
}
EOF

生成证书：

cfssl gencert -initca ca-csr.json | cfssljson -bare ca -

使用自签CA签发kube-apiserver HTTPS证书
创建证书申请文件：

cd ~/TLS/k8s
cat > server-csr.json << EOF
{
    "CN": "kubernetes",
    "hosts": [
      "10.0.0.1",
      "127.0.0.1",
      "172.18.154.175",
      "172.18.154.176",
      "172.18.154.185",
      "172.18.154.88",
      "k8s.elb.bs",
      "kubernetes",
      "kubernetes.default",
      "kubernetes.default.svc",
      "kubernetes.default.svc.cluster",
      "kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local"
    ],
    "key": {
        "algo": "rsa",
        "size": 2048
    },
    "names": [
        {
            "C": "CN",
            "L": "BeiJing",
            "ST": "BeiJing",
            "O": "k8s",
            "OU": "System"
        }
    ]
}
EOF

注：上述文件hosts字段中IP为所有Master/LB/VIP IP，一个都不能少！为了方便后期扩容可以多写几个预留的IP。

生成证书：

cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=kubernetes server-csr.json | cfssljson -bare server

4.2 从Github下载二进制文件

下载地址： https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/blob/master/CHANGELOG/CHANGELOG-1.18.md#v1183

注：打开链接你会发现里面有很多包，下载一个server包就够了，包含了Master和Worker Node二进制文件。

4.3 解压二进制包

wget https://dl.k8s.io/v1.18.3/kubernetes-server-linux-amd64.tar.gz
mkdir -p /opt/kubernetes/{bin,cfg,ssl,logs} 
tar zxvf kubernetes-server-linux-amd64.tar.gz
cd kubernetes/server/bin
cp kube-apiserver kube-scheduler kube-controller-manager /opt/kubernetes/bin
cp kubectl /usr/bin/

4.4 部署kube-apiserver

创建配置文件

cat > /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-apiserver.conf << EOF
KUBE_APISERVER_OPTS="--logtostderr=false \\
--v=2 \\
--log-dir=/opt/kubernetes/logs \\
--etcd-servers=https://172.18.154.175:2379,https://172.18.154.176:2379,https://172.18.154.185:2379 \\
--bind-address=172.18.154.175 \\
--secure-port=6443 \\
--advertise-address=172.18.154.175 \\
--allow-privileged=true \\
--service-cluster-ip-range=10.0.0.0/24 \\
--enable-admission-plugins=NamespaceLifecycle,LimitRanger,ServiceAccount,ResourceQuota,NodeRestriction \\
--authorization-mode=RBAC,Node \\
--enable-bootstrap-token-auth=true \\
--token-auth-file=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/token.csv \\
--service-node-port-range=30000-32767 \\
--kubelet-client-certificate=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/server.pem \\
--kubelet-client-key=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/server-key.pem \\
--tls-cert-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/server.pem  \\
--tls-private-key-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/server-key.pem \\
--client-ca-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \\
--service-account-key-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca-key.pem \\
--etcd-cafile=/opt/etcd/ssl/ca.pem \\
--etcd-certfile=/opt/etcd/ssl/server.pem \\
--etcd-keyfile=/opt/etcd/ssl/server-key.pem \\
--audit-log-maxage=30 \\
--audit-log-maxbackup=3 \\
--audit-log-maxsize=100 \\
--audit-log-path=/opt/kubernetes/logs/k8s-audit.log"
EOF

注：上面两个\ \ 第一个是转义符，第二个是换行符，使用转义符是为了使用EOF保留换行符。

logtostderr：启用日志
v：日志等级级别越大越详细
log-dir：日志目录
etcd-servers：etcd集群地址
bind-address：监听地址
secure-port：https安全端口
advertise-address：集群通告地址
allow-privileged：启用授权
service-cluster-ip-range：Service虚拟IP地址段
enable-admission-plugins：准入控制模块
authorization-mode：认证授权，启用RBAC授权和节点自管理
enable-bootstrap-token-auth：启用TLS bootstrap机制
token-auth-file：bootstrap token文件
service-node-port-range：Service nodeport类型默认分配端口范围
kubelet-client-xxx：apiserver访问kubelet客户端证书
tls-xxx-file：apiserver https证书
etcd-xxxfile：连接Etcd集群证书
audit-log-xxx：审计日志

拷贝刚才生成的证书

把刚才生成的证书拷贝到配置文件中的路径：

cp ~/TLS/k8s/ca*pem ~/TLS/k8s/server*pem /opt/kubernetes/ssl/

启用 TLS Bootstrapping 机制

TLS Bootstraping：Master apiserver启用TLS认证后，Node节点kubelet和kube-proxy要与kube-apiserver进行通信，必须使用CA签发的有效证书才可以，当Node节点很多时，这种客户端证书颁发需要大量工作，同样也会增加集群扩展复杂度。为了简化流程，Kubernetes引入了TLS bootstraping机制来自动颁发客户端证书，kubelet会以一个低权限用户自动向apiserver申请证书，kubelet的证书由apiserver动态签署。所以强烈建议在Node上使用这种方式，目前主要用于kubelet，kube-proxy还是由我们统一颁发一个证书。

TLS bootstraping 工作流程：

创建上述配置文件中token文件：

cat > /opt/kubernetes/cfg/token.csv << EOF
c47ffb939f5ca36231d9e3121a252940,kubelet-bootstrap,10001,"system:node-bootstrapper"
EOF

格式：token，用户名，UID，用户组

token也可自行生成替换：

head -c 16 /dev/urandom | od -An -t x | tr -d ' '

systemd管理apiserver

cat > /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-apiserver.service << EOF
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes API Server
Documentation=https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes
[Service]
EnvironmentFile=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-apiserver.conf
ExecStart=/opt/kubernetes/bin/kube-apiserver \$KUBE_APISERVER_OPTS
Restart=on-failure
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF

启动并设置开机启动

systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start kube-apiserver
systemctl enable kube-apiserver

授权kubelet-bootstrap用户允许请求证书

kubectl create clusterrolebinding kubelet-bootstrap \
--clusterrole=system:node-bootstrapper \
--user=kubelet-bootstrap

4.5 部署kube-controller-manager

创建配置文件

cat > /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-controller-manager.conf << EOF
KUBE_CONTROLLER_MANAGER_OPTS="--logtostderr=false \\
--v=2 \\
--log-dir=/opt/kubernetes/logs \\
--leader-elect=true \\
--master=127.0.0.1:8080 \\
--bind-address=127.0.0.1 \\
--allocate-node-cidrs=true \\
--cluster-cidr=10.244.0.0/16 \\
--service-cluster-ip-range=10.0.0.0/24 \\
--cluster-signing-cert-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \\
--cluster-signing-key-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca-key.pem  \\
--root-ca-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \\
--service-account-private-key-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca-key.pem \\
--experimental-cluster-signing-duration=87600h0m0s"
EOF

master：通过本地非安全本地端口8080连接apiserver。
leader-elect：当该组件启动多个时，自动选举（HA）
cluster-signing-cert-file/–cluster-signing-key-file：自动为kubelet颁发证书的CA，与apiserver保持一致

systemd管理controller-manager

cat > /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-controller-manager.service << EOF
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Controller Manager
Documentation=https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes
[Service]
EnvironmentFile=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-controller-manager.conf
ExecStart=/opt/kubernetes/bin/kube-controller-manager \$KUBE_CONTROLLER_MANAGER_OPTS
Restart=on-failure
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF

启动并设置开机启动

systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start kube-controller-manager
systemctl enable kube-controller-manager

4.6 部署kube-scheduler

创建配置文件

cat > /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-scheduler.conf << EOF
KUBE_SCHEDULER_OPTS="--logtostderr=false \
--v=2 \
--log-dir=/opt/kubernetes/logs \
--leader-elect \
--master=127.0.0.1:8080 \
--bind-address=127.0.0.1"
EOF

master：通过本地非安全本地端口8080连接apiserver。
leader-elect：当该组件启动多个时，自动选举（HA）

systemd管理scheduler

cat > /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-scheduler.service << EOF
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Scheduler
Documentation=https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes
[Service]
EnvironmentFile=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-scheduler.conf
ExecStart=/opt/kubernetes/bin/kube-scheduler \$KUBE_SCHEDULER_OPTS
Restart=on-failure
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF

启动并设置开机启动

systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start kube-scheduler
systemctl enable kube-scheduler

查看集群状态
所有组件都已经启动成功，通过kubectl工具查看当前集群组件状态：

kubectl get cs
NAME                 STATUS    MESSAGE             ERROR
scheduler            Healthy   ok                  
controller-manager   Healthy   ok                  
etcd-0               Healthy   {"health":"true"}   
etcd-2               Healthy   {"health":"true"}   
etcd-1               Healthy   {"health":"true"}

如上输出说明Master节点组件运行正常。

五、部署Worker Node

下面还是在Master Node上操作，即同时作为Worker Node

5.1 创建工作目录并拷贝二进制文件

在所有worker node创建工作目录：

mkdir -p /opt/kubernetes/{bin,cfg,ssl,logs}

从master节点拷贝：

cd /root/TLS/k8s/kubernetes/server/bin
cp kubelet kube-proxy /opt/kubernetes/bin   # 本地拷贝

5.2 部署kubelet

创建配置文件

cat > /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet.conf << EOF
KUBELET_OPTS="--logtostderr=false \\
--v=2 \\
--log-dir=/opt/kubernetes/logs \\
--hostname-override=k8s-master \\
--network-plugin=cni \\
--kubeconfig=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet.kubeconfig \\
--bootstrap-kubeconfig=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/bootstrap.kubeconfig \\
--config=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet-config.yml \\
--cert-dir=/opt/kubernetes/ssl \\
--pod-infra-container-image=lizhenliang/pause-amd64:3.0"
EOF

hostname-override：显示名称，集群中唯一
network-plugin：启用CNI
kubeconfig：空路径，会自动生成，后面用于连接apiserver
bootstrap-kubeconfig：首次启动向apiserver申请证书
config：配置参数文件
cert-dir：kubelet证书生成目录
pod-infra-container-image：管理Pod网络容器的镜像

配置参数文件

cat > /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet-config.yml << EOF
kind: KubeletConfiguration
apiVersion: kubelet.config.k8s.io/v1beta1
address: 0.0.0.0
port: 10250
readOnlyPort: 10255
cgroupDriver: cgroupfs
clusterDNS:
- 10.0.0.2
clusterDomain: cluster.local 
failSwapOn: false
authentication:
  anonymous:
    enabled: false
  webhook:
    cacheTTL: 2m0s
    enabled: true
  x509:
    clientCAFile: /opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem 
authorization:
  mode: Webhook
  webhook:
    cacheAuthorizedTTL: 5m0s
    cacheUnauthorizedTTL: 30s
evictionHard:
  imagefs.available: 15%
  memory.available: 100Mi
  nodefs.available: 10%
  nodefs.inodesFree: 5%
maxOpenFiles: 1000000
maxPods: 110
EOF

生成bootstrap.kubeconfig文件

KUBE_APISERVER="https://172.18.154.175:6443"  # apiserver IP:PORT
TOKEN="c47ffb939f5ca36231d9e3121a252940"  # 与token.csv里保持一致

# 生成 kubelet bootstrap kubeconfig 配置文件
kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes \
  --certificate-authority=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \
  --embed-certs=true \
  --server=${KUBE_APISERVER} \
  --kubeconfig=bootstrap.kubeconfig
kubectl config set-credentials "kubelet-bootstrap" \
  --token=${TOKEN} \
  --kubeconfig=bootstrap.kubeconfig
kubectl config set-context default \
  --cluster=kubernetes \
  --user="kubelet-bootstrap" \
  --kubeconfig=bootstrap.kubeconfig
kubectl config use-context default --kubeconfig=bootstrap.kubeconfig

拷贝到配置文件路径：

cp bootstrap.kubeconfig /opt/kubernetes/cfg

systemd管理kubelet

cat > /usr/lib/systemd/system/kubelet.service << EOF
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Kubelet
After=docker.service
[Service]
EnvironmentFile=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet.conf
ExecStart=/opt/kubernetes/bin/kubelet \$KUBELET_OPTS
Restart=on-failure
LimitNOFILE=65536
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF

启动并设置开机启动

systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start kubelet
systemctl enable kubelet

5.3 批准kubelet证书申请并加入集群

# 查看kubelet证书请求
kubectl get csr
NAME                                                   AGE   SIGNERNAME                                    REQUESTOR           CONDITION
node-csr-EAbM3M7ErcXdPepUZxwz6ow_-k3icMoV8sJ30ceAFPQ   14s   kubernetes.io/kube-apiserver-client-kubelet   kubelet-bootstrap   Pending

# 批准申请
kubectl certificate approve node-csr-EAbM3M7ErcXdPepUZxwz6ow_-k3icMoV8sJ30ceAFPQ

# 查看节点
kubectl get node
NAME         STATUS     ROLES    AGE   VERSION
k8s-master   NotReady      29s   v1.18.3

注：由于网络插件还没有部署，节点会没有准备就绪 NotReady

5.4 部署kube-proxy

创建配置文件

cat > /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy.conf << EOF
KUBE_PROXY_OPTS="--logtostderr=false \\
--v=2 \\
--log-dir=/opt/kubernetes/logs \\
--config=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy-config.yml"
EOF

配置参数文件

cat > /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy-config.yml << EOF
kind: KubeProxyConfiguration
apiVersion: kubeproxy.config.k8s.io/v1alpha1
bindAddress: 0.0.0.0
metricsBindAddress: 0.0.0.0:10249
clientConnection:
  kubeconfig: /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy.kubeconfig
hostnameOverride: k8s-master
clusterCIDR: 10.0.0.0/24
EOF

生成kube-proxy.kubeconfig文件
生成kube-proxy证书：

# 切换工作目录
cd ~/TLS/k8s

# 创建证书请求文件
cat > kube-proxy-csr.json << EOF
{
  "CN": "system:kube-proxy",
  "hosts": [],
  "key": {
    "algo": "rsa",
    "size": 2048
  },
  "names": [
    {
      "C": "CN",
      "L": "BeiJing",
      "ST": "BeiJing",
      "O": "k8s",
      "OU": "System"
    }
  ]
}
EOF

# 生成证书
cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=kubernetes kube-proxy-csr.json | cfssljson -bare kube-proxy

ls kube-proxy*pem
kube-proxy-key.pem  kube-proxy.pem

生成kubeconfig文件：

KUBE_APISERVER="https://172.18.154.175:6443"

kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes \
  --certificate-authority=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \
  --embed-certs=true \
  --server=${KUBE_APISERVER} \
  --kubeconfig=kube-proxy.kubeconfig
kubectl config set-credentials kube-proxy \
  --client-certificate=./kube-proxy.pem \
  --client-key=./kube-proxy-key.pem \
  --embed-certs=true \
  --kubeconfig=kube-proxy.kubeconfig
kubectl config set-context default \
  --cluster=kubernetes \
  --user=kube-proxy \
  --kubeconfig=kube-proxy.kubeconfig
kubectl config use-context default --kubeconfig=kube-proxy.kubeconfig

#拷贝到配置文件指定路径：

cp kube-proxy.kubeconfig /opt/kubernetes/cfg/

systemd管理kube-proxy

cat > /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-proxy.service << EOF
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Proxy
After=network.target
[Service]
EnvironmentFile=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy.conf
ExecStart=/opt/kubernetes/bin/kube-proxy \$KUBE_PROXY_OPTS
Restart=on-failure
LimitNOFILE=65536
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF

启动并设置开机启动

systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start kube-proxy
systemctl enable kube-proxy

5.5 部署CNI网络

先准备好CNI二进制文件：

下载地址：https://github.com/containernetworking/plugins/releases/download/v0.8.6/cni-plugins-linux-amd64-v0.8.6.tgz

解压二进制包并移动到默认工作目录：

wget https://github.com/containernetworking/plugins/releases/download/v0.8.6/cni-plugins-linux-amd64-v0.8.6.tgz
mkdir /opt/cni/bin -p
tar zxvf cni-plugins-linux-amd64-v0.8.6.tgz -C /opt/cni/bin

部署CNI网络：

wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/coreos/flannel/master/Documentation/kube-flannel.yml
sed -i -r "s#quay.io/coreos/flannel:.*-amd64#lizhenliang/flannel:v0.12.0-amd64#g" kube-flannel.yml

默认镜像地址无法访问，修改为docker hub镜像仓库。

kubectl apply -f kube-flannel.yml

kubectl get pods -n kube-system
NAME                    READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
kube-flannel-ds-h2z7c   1/1     Running   0          6m8s

kubectl get node
NAME         STATUS   ROLES    AGE   VERSION
k8s-master   Ready       17m   v1.18.3

部署好网络插件，Node准备就绪。

5.6 授权apiserver访问kubelet

cat > apiserver-to-kubelet-rbac.yaml << EOF
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRole
metadata:
  annotations:
    rbac.authorization.kubernetes.io/autoupdate: "true"
  labels:
    kubernetes.io/bootstrapping: rbac-defaults
  name: system:kube-apiserver-to-kubelet
rules:
  - apiGroups:
      - ""
    resources:
      - nodes/proxy
      - nodes/stats
      - nodes/log
      - nodes/spec
      - nodes/metrics
      - pods/log
    verbs:
      - "*"
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
  name: system:kube-apiserver
  namespace: ""
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: ClusterRole
  name: system:kube-apiserver-to-kubelet
subjects:
  - apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
    kind: User
    name: kubernetes
EOF

kubectl apply -f apiserver-to-kubelet-rbac.yaml

5.7 新增加Worker Node

注：前提对方节点一定要有docker环境

拷贝已部署好的Node相关文件到新节点

在master节点将Worker Node涉及文件拷贝到新节点172.18.154.196

nip=172.18.154.196
scp -r /opt/kubernetes root@$nip:/opt/
scp -r /usr/lib/systemd/system/{kubelet,kube-proxy}.service root@$nip:/usr/lib/systemd/system
scp -r /opt/cni/ root@$nip:/opt/
scp /opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem root@$nip:/opt/kubernetes/ssl

在要刚复制过去的节点执行删除kubelet证书和kubeconfig文件

mv /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet.kubeconfig /tmp
mv /opt/kubernetes/ssl/kubelet* /tmp

注：这几个文件是证书申请审批后自动生成的，每个Node不同，必须删除重新生成。

修改主机名

vi /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet.conf
--hostname-override=k8s-node1

vi /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy-config.yml
hostnameOverride: k8s-node1

启动并设置开机启动

systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start kubelet
systemctl enable kubelet
systemctl start kube-proxy
systemctl enable kube-proxy

在Master上批准新Node kubelet证书申请

kubectl get csr
NAME                                                   AGE   SIGNERNAME                                    REQUESTOR           CONDITION
node-csr-4zTjsaVSrhuyhIGqsefxzVoZDCNKei-aE2jyTP81Uro   89s   kubernetes.io/kube-apiserver-client-kubelet   kubelet-bootstrap   Pending

kubectl certificate approve node-csr-4zTjsaVSrhuyhIGqsefxzVoZDCNKei-aE2jyTP81Uro

查看Node状态

kubectl get node
NAME         STATUS   ROLES    AGE     VERSION
k8s-master   Ready       15h     v1.18.3
k8s-node1    Ready       2m18s   v1.18.3

六、部署Dashboard和CoreDNS

6.1 部署Dashboard

$ wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kubernetes/dashboard/v2.0.0-beta8/aio/deploy/recommended.yaml
默认Dashboard只能集群内部访问，修改Service为NodePort类型，暴露到外部：

vi recommended.yaml
kind: Service
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
spec:
  ports:
    - port: 443
      targetPort: 8443
      nodePort: 30001
  type: NodePort
  selector:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard

kubectl apply -f recommended.yaml
kubectl get pods,svc -n kubernetes-dashboard
NAME                                             READY   STATUS              RESTARTS   AGE
pod/dashboard-metrics-scraper-694557449d-z8gfb   1/1     Running             0          2m18s
pod/kubernetes-dashboard-9774cc786-q2gsx         1/1     Running		     0          2m19s

NAME                                TYPE        CLUSTER-IP   EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)         AGE
service/dashboard-metrics-scraper   ClusterIP   10.0.0.141           8000/TCP        2m19s
service/kubernetes-dashboard        NodePort    10.0.0.239           443:30001/TCP   2m19s

访问地址：https://NodeIP:30001

创建service account并绑定默认cluster-admin管理员集群角色：

kubectl create serviceaccount dashboard-admin -n kube-system
kubectl create clusterrolebinding dashboard-admin --clusterrole=cluster-admin --serviceaccount=kube-system:dashboard-admin
kubectl describe secrets -n kube-system $(kubectl -n kube-system get secret | awk '/dashboard-admin/{print $1}')

使用输出的token登录Dashboard。

6.2 部署CoreDNS

CoreDNS用于集群内部Service名称解析。

mkdir /opt/ymal/kube-system/ -p
cd /opt/ymal/kube-system/

vi  coredns.yaml

# Warning: This is a file generated from the base underscore template file: coredns.yaml.base

apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
  name: coredns
  namespace: kube-system
  labels:
      kubernetes.io/cluster-service: "true"
      addonmanager.kubernetes.io/mode: Reconcile
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRole
metadata:
  labels:
    kubernetes.io/bootstrapping: rbac-defaults
    addonmanager.kubernetes.io/mode: Reconcile
  name: system:coredns
rules:
- apiGroups:
  - ""
  resources:
  - endpoints
  - services
  - pods
  - namespaces
  verbs:
  - list
  - watch
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
  annotations:
    rbac.authorization.kubernetes.io/autoupdate: "true"
  labels:
    kubernetes.io/bootstrapping: rbac-defaults
    addonmanager.kubernetes.io/mode: EnsureExists
  name: system:coredns
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: ClusterRole
  name: system:coredns
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
  name: coredns
  namespace: kube-system
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: ConfigMap
metadata:
  name: coredns
  namespace: kube-system
  labels:
      addonmanager.kubernetes.io/mode: EnsureExists
data:
  Corefile: |
    .:53 {
        errors
        health
        kubernetes cluster.local in-addr.arpa ip6.arpa {
            pods insecure
            upstream
            fallthrough in-addr.arpa ip6.arpa
        }
        prometheus :9153
        proxy . /etc/resolv.conf
        cache 30
        loop
        reload
        loadbalance
    }
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: coredns
  namespace: kube-system
  labels:
    k8s-app: kube-dns
    kubernetes.io/cluster-service: "true"
    addonmanager.kubernetes.io/mode: Reconcile
    kubernetes.io/name: "CoreDNS"
spec:
  # replicas: not specified here:
  # 1. In order to make Addon Manager do not reconcile this replicas parameter.
  # 2. Default is 1.
  # 3. Will be tuned in real time if DNS horizontal auto-scaling is turned on.
  strategy:
    type: RollingUpdate
    rollingUpdate:
      maxUnavailable: 1
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      k8s-app: kube-dns
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        k8s-app: kube-dns
      annotations:
        seccomp.security.alpha.kubernetes.io/pod: 'docker/default'
    spec:
      serviceAccountName: coredns
      tolerations:
        - key: node-role.kubernetes.io/master
          effect: NoSchedule
        - key: "CriticalAddonsOnly"
          operator: "Exists"
      containers:
      - name: coredns
        image: lizhenliang/coredns:1.2.2
        imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
        resources:
          limits:
            memory: 170Mi
          requests:
            cpu: 100m
            memory: 70Mi
        args: [ "-conf", "/etc/coredns/Corefile" ]
        volumeMounts:
        - name: config-volume
          mountPath: /etc/coredns
          readOnly: true
        ports:
        - containerPort: 53
          name: dns
          protocol: UDP
        - containerPort: 53
          name: dns-tcp
          protocol: TCP
        - containerPort: 9153
          name: metrics
          protocol: TCP
        livenessProbe:
          httpGet:
            path: /health
            port: 8080
            scheme: HTTP
          initialDelaySeconds: 60
          timeoutSeconds: 5
          successThreshold: 1
          failureThreshold: 5
        securityContext:
          allowPrivilegeEscalation: false
          capabilities:
            add:
            - NET_BIND_SERVICE
            drop:
            - all
          readOnlyRootFilesystem: true
      dnsPolicy: Default
      volumes:
        - name: config-volume
          configMap:
            name: coredns
            items:
            - key: Corefile
              path: Corefile
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: kube-dns
  namespace: kube-system
  annotations:
    prometheus.io/port: "9153"
    prometheus.io/scrape: "true"
  labels:
    k8s-app: kube-dns
    kubernetes.io/cluster-service: "true"
    addonmanager.kubernetes.io/mode: Reconcile
    kubernetes.io/name: "CoreDNS"
spec:
  selector:
    k8s-app: kube-dns
  clusterIP: 10.0.0.2 
  ports:
  - name: dns
    port: 53
    protocol: UDP
  - name: dns-tcp
    port: 53
    protocol: TCP

kubectl apply -f coredns.yaml

kubectl get pods -n kube-system 
NAME                          READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
coredns-5ffbfd976d-j6shb      1/1     Running   0          32s
kube-flannel-ds-amd64-2pc95   1/1     Running   0          38m
kube-flannel-ds-amd64-7qhdx   1/1     Running   0          15m
kube-flannel-ds-amd64-99cr8   1/1     Running   0          26m
DNS解析测试：

kubectl run -it --rm dns-test --image=busybox:1.28.4 sh
If you don't see a command prompt, try pressing enter.

/ # nslookup kubernetes
Server:    10.0.0.2
Address 1: 10.0.0.2 kube-dns.kube-system.svc.cluster.local

Name:      kubernetes
Address 1: 10.0.0.1 kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local

解析没问题。

至此，单Master集群部署完成，下一篇扩容为多Master集群~

七、高可用架构（扩容多Master架构）

Kubernetes作为容器集群系统，通过健康检查+重启策略实现了Pod故障自我修复能力，通过调度算法实现将Pod分布式部署，并保持预期副本数，根据Node失效状态自动在其他Node拉起Pod，实现了应用层的高可用性。

针对Kubernetes集群，高可用性还应包含以下两个层面的考虑：Etcd数据库的高可用性和Kubernetes Master组件的高可用性。而Etcd我们已经采用3个节点组建集群实现高可用，本节将对Master节点高可用进行说明和实施。

Master节点扮演着总控中心的角色，通过不断与工作节点上的Kubelet进行通信来维护整个集群的健康工作状态。如果Master节点故障，将无法使用kubectl工具或者API做任何集群管理。

Master节点主要有三个服务kube-apiserver、kube-controller-mansger和kube-scheduler，其中kube-controller-mansger和kube-scheduler组件自身通过选择机制已经实现了高可用，所以Master高可用主要针对kube-apiserver组件，而该组件是以HTTP API提供服务，因此对他高可用与Web服务器类似，增加负载均衡器对其负载均衡即可，并且可水平扩容。

根据服务器整体规划，这次我们高可用涉及的三台服务器（橙色字体）：

7.1 安装Docker

同上，不再赘述。

7.2 部署Master2 Node（172.18.154.176）

Master2 与已部署的Master1所有操作一致。所以我们只需将Master1所有K8s文件拷贝过来，再修改下服务器IP和主机名启动即可。

在Master2创建etcd证书目录：

mkdir -p /opt/etcd/ssl

拷贝文件（Master1操作）

拷贝Master1上所有K8s文件和etcd证书到Master2：

mip=172.18.154.176
scp -r /opt/kubernetes root@$mip:/opt
scp -r /opt/cni/ root@$mip:/opt
scp -r /opt/etcd/ssl root@$mip:/opt/etcd
scp /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube* root@$mip:/usr/lib/systemd/system
scp /usr/bin/kubectl  root@$mip:/usr/bin

删除证书文件

删除kubelet证书和kubeconfig文件：

rm -f /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet.kubeconfig
rm -f /opt/kubernetes/ssl/kubelet*

修改配置文件IP和主机名
修改apiserver、kubelet和kube-proxy配置文件为本地IP：

vi /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-apiserver.conf
...
--bind-address=192.168.31.74 \
--advertise-address=192.168.31.74 \
...

vi /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet.conf
--hostname-override=k8s-master2

vi /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy-config.yml
hostnameOverride: k8s-master2

启动设置开机启动

systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start kube-apiserver
systemctl start kube-controller-manager
systemctl start kube-scheduler
systemctl start kubelet
systemctl start kube-proxy
systemctl enable kube-apiserver
systemctl enable kube-controller-manager
systemctl enable kube-scheduler
systemctl enable kubelet
systemctl enable kube-proxy

查看集群状态

kubectl get cs
NAME                 STATUS    MESSAGE             ERROR
controller-manager   Healthy   ok                  
scheduler            Healthy   ok                  
etcd-1               Healthy   {"health":"true"}   
etcd-0               Healthy   {"health":"true"}   
etcd-2               Healthy   {"health":"true"}

批准kubelet证书申请

kubectl get csr
NAME                                                   AGE   SIGNERNAME                                    REQUESTOR           CONDITION
node-csr-JYNknakEa_YpHz797oKaN-ZTk43nD51Zc9CJkBLcASU   85m   kubernetes.io/kube-apiserver-client-kubelet   kubelet-bootstrap   Pending

kubectl certificate approve node-csr-JYNknakEa_YpHz797oKaN-ZTk43nD51Zc9CJkBLcASU

kubectl get node
NAME          STATUS   ROLES    AGE   VERSION
k8s-master    Ready       34h   v1.18.3
k8s-master2   Ready       83m   v1.18.3
k8s-node1     Ready       33h   v1.18.3
k8s-node2     Ready       33h   v1.18.3

7.3 部署Nginx负载均衡器
kube-apiserver高可用架构图：

Nginx是一个主流Web服务和反向代理服务器，这里用四层实现对apiserver实现负载均衡。
Keepalived是一个主流高可用软件，基于VIP绑定实现服务器双机热备，在上述拓扑中，Keepalived主要根据Nginx运行状态判断是否需要故障转移（偏移VIP），例如当Nginx主节点挂掉，VIP会自动绑定在Nginx备节点，从而保证VIP一直可用，实现Nginx高可用。

安装软件包（主/备）

 yum install epel-release -y
 yum install nginx keepalived  nginx-mod-stream -y

Nginx配置文件（主/备一样）

cat > /etc/nginx/nginx.conf << "EOF"
user nginx;
worker_processes auto;
error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log;
pid /run/nginx.pid;

include /usr/share/nginx/modules/*.conf;

events {
    worker_connections 1024;
}

# 四层负载均衡，为两台Master apiserver组件提供负载均衡
stream {

    log_format  main  '$remote_addr $upstream_addr - [$time_local] $status $upstream_bytes_sent';

    access_log  /var/log/nginx/k8s-access.log  main;

    upstream k8s-apiserver {
       server 172.18.154.175:6443;   # Master1 APISERVER IP:PORT
       server 172.18.154.176:6443;   # Master2 APISERVER IP:PORT
    }
    
    server {
       listen 16443;  #因为我这个在k8s master部署所以改成16443端口了
       proxy_pass k8s-apiserver;
    }
}

http {
    log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
                      '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
                      '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';

    access_log  /var/log/nginx/access.log  main;

    sendfile            on;
    tcp_nopush          on;
    tcp_nodelay         on;
    keepalive_timeout   65;
    types_hash_max_size 2048;

    include             /etc/nginx/mime.types;
    default_type        application/octet-stream;

    server {
        listen       80 default_server;
        server_name  _;

        location / {
        }
    }
}
EOF

keepalived配置文件（Nginx Master）

cat > /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf << EOF
global_defs {
   notification_email {
     acassen@firewall.loc
     failover@firewall.loc
     sysadmin@firewall.loc
   }
   notification_email_from Alexandre.Cassen@firewall.loc
   smtp_server 127.0.0.1
   smtp_connect_timeout 30
   router_id NGINX_BACKUP  #主：NGINX_MASTER  从：NGINX_BACKUP
}
vrrp_script check_nginx {
    script "/etc/keepalived/check_nginx.sh"
}
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
    state MASTER
    interface eth0   #确认网口名
    virtual_router_id 51 # VRRP 路由 ID实例，每个实例是唯一的
    priority 90    # 优先级，主服务器100 备服务器设置 90
    advert_int 1    # 指定VRRP 心跳包通告间隔时间，默认1秒
    authentication {
        auth_type PASS
        auth_pass 1111
    }
    # 虚拟IP
    virtual_ipaddress {
        172.18.154.88/24
    }
    track_script {
        check_nginx
    }
}
EOF

vrrp_script：指定检查nginx工作状态脚本（根据nginx状态判断是否故障转移）
virtual_ipaddress：虚拟IP（VIP）

检查nginx状态脚本：
注：keepalived根据脚本返回状态码（0为工作正常，非0不正常）判断是否故障转移。

cat > /etc/keepalived/check_nginx.sh  << "EOF"
#!/bin/bash
count=$(ps -ef |grep nginx |egrep -cv "grep|$$")

if [ "$count" -eq 0 ];then
    exit 1
else
    exit 0
fi
EOF

chmod +x /etc/keepalived/check_nginx.sh

keepalived配置文件（Nginx Backup）
同 3. keepalived配置文件（Nginx Master）一样
启动并设置开机启动

systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start nginx
systemctl start keepalived
systemctl enable nginx
systemctl enable keepalived

查看keepalived工作状态

ip a
1: lo:  mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: eth0:  mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether fa:16:3e:a3:5f:04 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 172.18.154.175/24 brd 172.18.154.255 scope global dynamic eth0
       valid_lft 52887sec preferred_lft 52887sec
    inet 172.18.154.88/24 scope global secondary eth0
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 fe80::f816:3eff:fea3:5f04/64 scope link 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

可以看到，在ens33网卡绑定了172.18.154.88 虚拟IP，说明工作正常。

Nginx+Keepalived高可用测试
关闭主节点Nginx，测试VIP是否漂移到备节点服务器。

 systemctl stop nginx

在Nginx Backup，ip addr命令查看已成功绑定VIP。
8. 访问负载均衡器测试
找K8s集群中任意一个节点，使用curl查看K8s版本测试，使用VIP访问：

curl -k https://172.18.154.88:16443/version
{
  "major": "1",
  "minor": "18",
  "gitVersion": "v1.18.3",
  "gitCommit": "2e7996e3e2712684bc73f0dec0200d64eec7fe40",
  "gitTreeState": "clean",
  "buildDate": "2020-05-20T12:43:34Z",
  "goVersion": "go1.13.9",
  "compiler": "gc",
  "platform": "linux/amd64"
}

可以正确获取到K8s版本信息，说明负载均衡器搭建正常。该请求数据流程：curl -> vip(nginx) -> apiserver

通过查看Nginx日志也可以看到转发apiserver IP：

tail /var/log/nginx/k8s-access.log -f
172.18.154.175 172.18.154.175:6443 - [10/Nov/2021:12:35:26 +0800] 200 423
172.18.154.175 172.18.154.175:6443 - [10/Nov/2021:13:28:13 +0800] 200 423
172.18.154.175 172.18.154.176:6443 - [10/Nov/2021:13:28:15 +0800] 200 423

到此还没结束，还有下面最关键的一步。

7.4 修改所有Worker Node连接LB VIP
试想下，虽然我们增加了Master2和负载均衡器，但是我们是从单Master架构扩容的，也就是说目前所有的Node组件连接都还是Master1，如果不改为连接VIP走负载均衡器，那么Master还是单点故障。

因此接下来就是要改所有Node组件配置文件，由原来172.18.154.175修改为172.18.154.88（VIP）：

也就是通过kubectl get node命令查看到的节点。

在上述所有Worker Node执行：

sed -i 's#172.18.154.175:6443#172.18.154.88:16443#' /opt/kubernetes/cfg/*
systemctl restart kubelet
systemctl restart kube-proxy

检查节点状态：

kubectl get node
NAME          STATUS   ROLES    AGE    VERSION
k8s-master    Ready       34h    v1.18.3
k8s-master2   Ready       101m   v1.18.3
k8s-node1     Ready       33h    v1.18.3
k8s-node2     Ready       33h    v1.18.3

至此，一套完整的 Kubernetes 高可用集群就部署完成了！图片

PS：如果你是在公有云上，一般都不支持keepalived，那么你可以直接用它们的负载均衡器产品（内网就行，还免费~），架构与上面一样，直接负载均衡多台Master kube-apiserver即可！

k8s

搭建k8s二进制高可用集群

一、前置知识点

1.1 生产环境可部署Kubernetes集群的两种方式

1.2 安装要求

1.3 准备环境

二、部署Etcd集群

2.1 准备cfssl证书生成工具

2.2 生成Etcd证书

1. 自签证书颁发机构（CA）

2. 使用自签CA签发Etcd HTTPS证书

2.3 从Github下载二进制文件

2.4 部署Etcd集群

三、安装Docker

四、部署Master Node

4.1 生成kube-apiserver证书

4.5 部署kube-controller-manager

五、部署Worker Node

5.1 创建工作目录并拷贝二进制文件

5.5 部署CNI网络

5.6 授权apiserver访问kubelet

5.7 新增加Worker Node

六、部署Dashboard和CoreDNS

6.1 部署Dashboard

6.2 部署CoreDNS

七、高可用架构（扩容多Master架构）

7.1 安装Docker

7.2 部署Master2 Node（172.18.154.176）

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