ASM:(6)FieldVisitor和FieldWriter


原文:https://lsieun.github.io/java-asm-01/field-visitor-intro.html

FieldVisitor介绍

通过调用ClassVisitor类的visitField()方法,会返回一个FieldVisitor类型的对象。

public FieldVisitor visitField(int access, String name, String descriptor, String signature, Object value);

在本文当中,我们将对FieldVisitor类进行介绍:

在学习FieldVisitor类的时候,可以与ClassVisitor类进行对比,这两个类在结构上有很大的相似性:两者都是抽象类,都定义了两个字段,都定义了两个构造方法,都定义了visitXxx()方法。

class info

第一个部分,FieldVisitor类是一个abstract类。

public abstract class FieldVisitor {
}

fields

第二个部分,FieldVisitor类定义的字段有哪些。

public abstract class FieldVisitor {
    protected final int api;
    protected FieldVisitor fv;
}

constructors

第三个部分,FieldVisitor类定义的构造方法有哪些。

public abstract class FieldVisitor {
    public FieldVisitor(final int api) {
        this(api, null);
    }

    public FieldVisitor(final int api, final FieldVisitor fieldVisitor) {
        this.api = api;
        this.fv = fieldVisitor;
    }
}

methods

第四个部分,FieldVisitor类定义的方法有哪些。

FieldVisitor类当中,一共定义了4个visitXxx()方法,但是,我们只需要关注其中的visitEnd()方法就可以了。

我们为什么只关注visitEnd()方法呢?因为我们刚开始学习ASM,有许多东西不太熟悉,为了减少我们的学习和认知“负担”,那么对于一些非必要的方法,我们就暂时忽略它;将visitXxx()方法精简到一个最小的认知集合,那么就只剩下visitEnd()方法了。

public abstract class FieldVisitor {
    // ......

    public void visitEnd() {
        if (fv != null) {
            fv.visitEnd();
        }
    }
}

另外,在FieldVisitor类内定义的多个visitXxx()方法,也需要遵循一定的调用顺序,如下所示:

(
 visitAnnotation |
 visitTypeAnnotation |
 visitAttribute
)*
visitEnd

由于我们只关注visitEnd()方法,那么,这个调用顺序就变成如下这样:

visitEnd

FieldVisitor类示例

示例一:字段常量

预期目标

public interface HelloWorld {
    int intValue = 100;
    String strValue = "ABC";
}

编码实现

public class HelloWorldGenerateCore implements Opcodes {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        // (1) 生成byte[]内容
        byte[] bytes = dump();
        FileUtils.writeByteArrayToFile(new File("sample/HelloWord.class"), bytes);
    }

    public static byte[] dump() throws Exception {
        // (1) 创建ClassWriter对象
        ClassWriter cw = new ClassWriter(ClassWriter.COMPUTE_FRAMES);
        // (2) 调用visitXxx()方法
        cw.visit(V1_8, ACC_PUBLIC + ACC_ABSTRACT + ACC_INTERFACE, "sample/HelloWorld", null, "java/lang/Object", null);
        {
            FieldVisitor fv1 = cw.visitField(ACC_PUBLIC | ACC_FINAL | ACC_STATIC, "intValue", "I", null, 100);
            fv1.visitEnd();
        }
        {
            FieldVisitor fv2 = cw.visitField(ACC_PUBLIC + ACC_FINAL + ACC_STATIC, "strValue", "Ljava/lang/String;", null, "ABC");
            fv2.visitEnd();
        }
        cw.visitEnd();
        // (3) 调用toByteArray()方法
        return cw.toByteArray();
    }
}

运行结果:

image-20220412141528343

FieldWriter介绍

FieldWriter类继承自FieldVisitor类。在ClassWriter类里,visitField()方法的实现就是通过FieldWriter类来实现的。

class info

第一个部分,FieldWriter类的父类是FieldVisitor类。需要注意的是,FieldWriter类并不带有public修饰,因此它的有效访问范围只局限于它所处的package当中,不能像其它的public类一样被外部所使用。

final class FieldWriter extends FieldVisitor {
}

fields

第二个部分,FieldWriter类定义的字段有哪些。在FieldWriter类当中,一些字段如下:

final class FieldWriter extends FieldVisitor {
    private final int accessFlags;
    private final int nameIndex;
    private final int descriptorIndex;
    private Attribute firstAttribute;
}

这些字段与ClassFile当中的field_info是对应的:

field_info {
    u2             access_flags;
    u2             name_index;
    u2             descriptor_index;
    u2             attributes_count;
    attribute_info attributes[attributes_count];
}

constructors

第三个部分,FieldWriter类定义的构造方法有哪些。在FieldWriter类当中,只定义了一个构造方法;同时,它也不带有public标识,只能在package内使用。

final class FieldWriter extends FieldVisitor {
    FieldWriter(SymbolTable symbolTable, int access, String name, String descriptor, String signature, Object constantValue) {
        super(Opcodes.ASM9);
        this.symbolTable = symbolTable;
        this.accessFlags = access;
        this.nameIndex = symbolTable.addConstantUtf8(name);
        this.descriptorIndex = symbolTable.addConstantUtf8(descriptor);
        if (signature != null) {
            this.signatureIndex = symbolTable.addConstantUtf8(signature);
        }
        if (constantValue != null) {
            this.constantValueIndex = symbolTable.addConstant(constantValue).index;
        }
    }
}

methods

第四个部分,FieldWriter类定义的方法有哪些。在FieldWriter类当中,有两个重要的方法:computeFieldInfoSize()putFieldInfo()方法。这两个方法会在ClassWriter类的toByteArray()方法内使用到。

final class FieldWriter extends FieldVisitor {
    int computeFieldInfoSize() {
        // The access_flags, name_index, descriptor_index and attributes_count fields use 8 bytes.
        int size = 8;
        // For ease of reference, we use here the same attribute order as in Section 4.7 of the JVMS.
        if (constantValueIndex != 0) {
            // ConstantValue attributes always use 8 bytes.
            symbolTable.addConstantUtf8(Constants.CONSTANT_VALUE);
            size += 8;
        }
        // ......
        return size;
    }

    void putFieldInfo(final ByteVector output) {
        boolean useSyntheticAttribute = symbolTable.getMajorVersion() < Opcodes.V1_5;
        // Put the access_flags, name_index and descriptor_index fields.
        int mask = useSyntheticAttribute ? Opcodes.ACC_SYNTHETIC : 0;
        output.putShort(accessFlags & ~mask).putShort(nameIndex).putShort(descriptorIndex);
        // Compute and put the attributes_count field.
        // For ease of reference, we use here the same attribute order as in Section 4.7 of the JVMS.
        int attributesCount = 0;
        if (constantValueIndex != 0) {
            ++attributesCount;
        }
        // ......
        output.putShort(attributesCount);
        // Put the field_info attributes.
        // For ease of reference, we use here the same attribute order as in Section 4.7 of the JVMS.
        if (constantValueIndex != 0) {
            output
              .putShort(symbolTable.addConstantUtf8(Constants.CONSTANT_VALUE))
              .putInt(2)
              .putShort(constantValueIndex);
        }
        // ......
    }
}

FieldWriter类的使用

关于FieldWriter类的使用,它主要出现在ClassWriter类当中的visitField()toByteArray()方法内。

visitField方法

ClassWriter类当中,visitField()方法代码如下:

public class ClassWriter extends ClassVisitor {
    public final FieldVisitor visitField(int access, String name, String descriptor, String signature, Object value) {
        FieldWriter fieldWriter = new FieldWriter(symbolTable, access, name, descriptor, signature, value);
        if (firstField == null) {
            firstField = fieldWriter;
        } else {
            lastField.fv = fieldWriter;
        }
        return lastField = fieldWriter;
    }
}

toByteArray方法

ClassWriter类当中,toByteArray()方法代码如下:

public class ClassWriter extends ClassVisitor {
    public byte[] toByteArray() {

        // First step: compute the size in bytes of the ClassFile structure.
        // The magic field uses 4 bytes, 10 mandatory fields (minor_version, major_version,
        // constant_pool_count, access_flags, this_class, super_class, interfaces_count, fields_count,
        // methods_count and attributes_count) use 2 bytes each, and each interface uses 2 bytes too.
        int size = 24 + 2 * interfaceCount;
        int fieldsCount = 0;
        FieldWriter fieldWriter = firstField;
        while (fieldWriter != null) {
            ++fieldsCount;
            size += fieldWriter.computeFieldInfoSize();    // 这里是对FieldWriter.computeFieldInfoSize()方法的调用
            fieldWriter = (FieldWriter) fieldWriter.fv;
        }
        // ......


        // Second step: allocate a ByteVector of the correct size (in order to avoid any array copy in
        // dynamic resizes) and fill it with the ClassFile content.
        ByteVector result = new ByteVector(size);
        result.putInt(0xCAFEBABE).putInt(version);
        symbolTable.putConstantPool(result);
        int mask = (version & 0xFFFF) < Opcodes.V1_5 ? Opcodes.ACC_SYNTHETIC : 0;
        result.putShort(accessFlags & ~mask).putShort(thisClass).putShort(superClass);
        result.putShort(interfaceCount);
        for (int i = 0; i < interfaceCount; ++i) {
            result.putShort(interfaces[i]);
        }
        result.putShort(fieldsCount);
        fieldWriter = firstField;
        while (fieldWriter != null) {
            fieldWriter.putFieldInfo(result);             // 这里是对FieldWriter.putFieldInfo()方法的调用
            fieldWriter = (FieldWriter) fieldWriter.fv;
        }
        // ......

        // Third step: replace the ASM specific instructions, if any.
        if (hasAsmInstructions) {
            return replaceAsmInstructions(result.data, hasFrames);
        } else {
            return result.data;
        }
    }
}

总结

  • 第一点,对于FieldWriter类的各个不同部分进行介绍,以便从整体上来理解FieldWriter类。
  • 第二点,关于FieldWriter类的使用,它主要出现在ClassWriter类当中的visitField()toByteArray()方法内。
  • 第三点,从ASM应用的角度来说,只需要知道FieldWriter类的存在就可以了,不需要深究,我们平常写ASM代码的时候,由于它不带有public标识,所以不会直接用到它;从理解ASM源码的角度来说,FieldWriter类则值得研究,可以重点关注一下computeFieldInfoSize()putFieldInfo()这两个方法。
asm