Spring_配置Bean & 属性配置细节

1.Spring容器

在 Spring IOC 容器读取 Bean 配置创建 Bean 实例之前, 必须对它进行实例化. 只有在容器实例化后, 才可以从 IOC 容器里获取 Bean 实例并使用.
Spring 提供了两种类型的 IOC 容器实现.
BeanFactory: IOC 容器的基本实现.
   ①ApplicationContext: 提供了更多的高级特性. 是 BeanFactory 的子接口.
   ②BeanFactory 是 Spring 框架的基础设施，面向 Spring 本身；

  ApplicationContext 面向使用 Spring 框架的开发者，几乎所有的应用场合都直接使用 ApplicationContext 而非底层的 BeanFactory
  无论使用何种方式, 配置文件时相同的.

2.ApplicationContext

ApplicationContext 的主要实现类：
   ClassPathXmlApplicationContext：从 类路径下加载配置文件
   FileSystemXmlApplicationContext: 从文件系统中加载配置文件
   ConfigurableApplicationContext 扩展于 ApplicationContext，新增加两个主要方法：     

                                                                                     refresh() 和 close()， 让 ApplicationContext 具有启动、刷新和关闭上下文的能力
  ApplicationContext 在初始化上下文时就实例化所有单例的 Bean。
  WebApplicationContext 是专门为 WEB 应用而准备的，它允许从相对于 WEB 根目录的路径中完成初始化工作

3.从 IOC 容器中获取 Bean

   调用 ApplicationContext 的 getBean() 方法

   如：Helloword helloword = (Helloword) ctx.getBean("helloWorld2");

4.依赖注入的方式

  Spring 支持 3 种依赖注入的方式
   属性注入(setter方法注入)

    <bean id="helloWorld2" class="com.aff.spring.beans.Helloword">
        <property name="name2"  value="Spring">property>
    bean>

   构造器注入

    
    <bean id="car"  class="com.aff.spring.beans.Car">
                <constructor-arg value="Audi" index="0">constructor-arg>
                <constructor-arg value="SHANGHAI" index="1">constructor-arg>
                <constructor-arg value="3000000"  type="double">constructor-arg>
    bean>    

   工厂方法注入（很少使用，不推荐）

5.属性配置细节

applicationContext.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xmlns:util="http://www.springframework.org/schema/util"
    xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/util http://www.springframework.org/schema/util/spring-util-4.0.xsd">

    
    <bean id="helloWorld2" class="com.aff.spring.beans.Helloword">
        <property name="name2"  value="Spring">property>
    bean>
    
    
    <bean id="car"  class="com.aff.spring.beans.Car">
                <constructor-arg value="Audi" index="0">constructor-arg>
                <constructor-arg value="SHANGHAI" index="1">constructor-arg>
                <constructor-arg value="3000000"  type="double">constructor-arg>
    bean>    
    
    
    <bean id="car2" class="com.aff.spring.beans.Car">
                <constructor-arg value="Baoma" type="java.lang.String">constructor-arg>
                
                
                <constructor-arg type="java.lang.String">
                            <value>]]>value>
                constructor-arg>
                <constructor-arg  type="int">
                            <value>234value>
                constructor-arg>
    bean>
    
    <bean id="person" class="com.aff.spring.beans.Person">
                <property name="name" value="Tom">property>
                <property name="age" value="23">property>
                
                
                
                <property name="car">
                            <bean class="com.aff.spring.beans.Car">
                                    <constructor-arg value="Ford">constructor-arg>
                                    <constructor-arg value="Changan">constructor-arg>
                                    <constructor-arg value="30000" type="double">constructor-arg>
                            bean>
                property>
    bean>
    
    <bean id="person2" class="com.aff.spring.beans.Person">
                            <constructor-arg  value="AAA">constructor-arg>
                            <constructor-arg  value="26">constructor-arg>
                        
                        
                        
                        <constructor-arg ref="car">constructor-arg>
                        
                        <property name="car.maxSpeed" value="260">property>
    bean>
    
    
    <bean id="person3" class="com.aff.spring.beans.collection.Person">
                        <property name="name" value="Colin">property>
                        <property name="age" value="25">property>
                        <property name="cars" >
                        
                                <list>
                                     <ref bean="car"/>
                                     <ref bean="car2"/>
                                     <bean class="com.aff.spring.beans.Car">
                                           <constructor-arg value="Ford">constructor-arg>
                                           <constructor-arg value="Changan">constructor-arg>
                                           <constructor-arg value="30000" type="double">constructor-arg>
                                     bean>
                                list>
                        property>
    bean>
    
    
    
    <bean id="newPerson" class="com.aff.spring.beans.collection.NewPerson">
    <property name="name" value="Mike">property>
    <property name="age" value="26">property>
    <property name="cars" >
                        <map>
                                    <entry key="AA" value-ref="car">entry>
                                    <entry key="BB" value-ref="car2">entry>
                        map>
    property>
    bean>
    
    
    <bean id="dataSource" class="com.aff.spring.beans.collection.DataSource">
                        <property name="properties">
                        
                              <props>
                                      <prop key="user">rootprop>
                                      <prop key="password">123456prop>
                                      <prop key="jdbcUrl">jdbc:mysql:///testprop>
                              props>
                        property>
    bean>
    
    
    <util:list id="cars">
                <ref bean="car" />
                <ref bean="car2" />
    util:list>
    
    <bean id="person4" class="com.aff.spring.beans.collection.Person">
                <property name="name" value="Jack">property>
                <property name="age" value="15">property>
                <property name="cars"  ref="cars">property>
    bean>
    
    
    
    <bean id="person5"  class="com.aff.spring.beans.collection.Person" p:age="30" p:name="Lin" p:cars-ref="cars"> bean>
    
beans>

Main.java

package com.aff.spring.beans.collection;

import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

public class Main {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ApplicationContext ctx = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
        Person person = (Person) ctx.getBean("person3");

        System.out.println(person);
        //Person [name=Colin, age=25, cars=[Car [brand=Audi, corp=SHANGHAI, price=3000000.0, maxSpeed=260], Car [brand=Baoma, corp=, price=0.0, maxSpeed=234]]]
        
        NewPerson newPerson = (NewPerson) ctx.getBean("newPerson");
        System.out.println(newPerson);
        //NewPerson [name=Mike, age=26, cars={AA=Car [brand=Audi, corp=SHANGHAI, price=3000000.0, maxSpeed=260], BB=Car [brand=Baoma, corp=, price=0.0, maxSpeed=234]}]

        
        DataSource dataSource= (DataSource) ctx.getBean("dataSource");
        System.out.println(dataSource);
        //DataSource [properties={driverClass=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver, user=root, password=123456, jdbcUrl=jdbc:mysql:///test}]
        System.out.println(dataSource.getProperties());
        //{driverClass=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver, user=root, password=123456, jdbcUrl=jdbc:mysql:///test}
        
        Person person4 = (Person) ctx.getBean("person4");
        System.out.println(person4);
        //Person [name=Jack, age=15, cars=[Car [brand=Audi, corp=SHANGHAI, price=3000000.0, maxSpeed=260], Car [brand=Baoma, corp=, price=0.0, maxSpeed=234]]]
    
        Person person5 = (Person) ctx.getBean("person5");
        System.out.println(person5);
        //Person [name=Lin, age=30, cars=[Car [brand=Audi, corp=SHANGHAI, price=3000000.0, maxSpeed=260], Car [brand=Baoma, corp=, price=0.0, maxSpeed=234]]]

    }
}

DataSource.java

package com.aff.spring.beans.collection;

import java.util.Properties;

public class DataSource {
    
    private  Properties properties;

    public Properties getProperties() {
        return properties;
    }

    public void setProperties(Properties properties) {
        this.properties = properties;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "DataSource [properties=" + properties + "]";
    }

    public DataSource() {
        super();
    }

    public DataSource(Properties properties) {
        super();
        this.properties = properties;
    }

}

NewPerson

package com.aff.spring.beans.collection;

import java.util.Map;

import com.aff.spring.beans.Car;

public class NewPerson {
    private String name;
    private int age;
    private Map cars;
    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }
    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }
    public int getAge() {
        return age;
    }
    public void setAge(int age) {
        this.age = age;
    }
    public Map getCars() {
        return cars;
    }
    public void setCars(Map cars) {
        this.cars = cars;
    }
    public NewPerson() {
        super();
        // TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
    }
    public NewPerson(String name, int age, Map cars) {
        super();
        this.name = name;
        this.age = age;
        this.cars = cars;
    }
    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "NewPerson [name=" + name + ", age=" + age + ", cars=" + cars + "]";
    }
    

}

Person.java

package com.aff.spring.beans.collection;

import java.util.List;

import com.aff.spring.beans.Car;

public class Person {

    private  String name ;
    private int age;
    private  List cars;
    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }
    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }
    public int getAge() {
        return age;
    }
    public void setAge(int age) {
        this.age = age;
    }
    public List getCars() {
        return cars;
    }
    public void setCars(List cars) {
        this.cars = cars;
    }
    public Person() {
        super();
        // TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
    }
    public Person(String name, int age, List cars) {
        super();
        this.name = name;
        this.age = age;
        this.cars = cars;
    }
    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Person [name=" + name + ", age=" + age + ", cars=" + cars + "]";
    }
}

需要的架包

commons-logging.jar

spring-aop-4.0.0.RELEASE.jar

spring-beans-4.0.0.RELEASE.jar

spring-context-4.0.0.RELEASE.jar

spring-core-4.0.0.RELEASE.jar

spring-expression-4.0.0.RELEASE.jar

目录