python 之 BeautifulSoup标签查找与信息提取


一、 查找a标签


(1)查找所有a标签

>>> for x in soup.find_all('a'):
    print(x)
    
class="sister" href="http://example.com/elsie" id="link1">Elsie
class="sister" href="http://example.com/lacie" id="link2">Lacie
class="sister" href="http://example.com/tillie" id="link3">Tillie


(2)查找所有a标签,且属性值href中需要保护关键字“”

>>> for x in soup.find_all('a',href = re.compile('lacie')):
    print(x)

class="sister" href="http://example.com/lacie" id="link2">Lacie


(3)查找所有a标签,且字符串内容包含关键字“Elsie”

>>> for x in soup.find_all('a',string = re.compile('Elsie')):
    print(x)
    
class="sister" href="http://example.com/elsie" id="link1">Elsie


(4)查找body标签的所有子标签,并循环打印输出

>>> for x in soup.find('body').children:
    if isinstance(x,bs4.element.Tag):        #使用isinstance过滤掉空行内容
        print(x)
        

class="title">The Dormouse's story

class="story">Once upon a time there were three little sisters; and their names were class="sister" href="http://example.com/elsie" id="link1">Elsie, class="sister" href="http://example.com/lacie" id="link2">Lacie and class="sister" href="http://example.com/tillie" id="link3">Tillie; and they lived at the bottom of a well.


二、信息提取(链接提取)


(1)解析信息标签结构,查找所有a标签,并提取每个a标签中href属性的值(即链接),然后存在空列表;

>>> linklist = []
>>> for x in soup.find_all('a'):
    link = x.get('href')
    if link:
        linklist.append(link)
       
>>> for x in linklist:        #验证:环打印出linklist列表中的链接
    print(x)
  
http://example.com/elsie
http://example.com/lacie
http://example.com/tillie


小结:链接提取 <---> 属性内容提取 <---> x.get('href')

(2)解析信息标签结构,查找所有a标签,且每个a标签中href中包含关键字“elsie”,然后存入空列表中;

>>> linklst = []
>>> for x in soup.find_all('a', href = re.compile('elsie')):
    link = x.get('href')
    if link:
        linklst.append(link)
    
>>> for x in linklst:        #验证:循环打印出linklist列表中的链接
    print(x)
    
http://example.com/elsie

小结:在进行a标签查找时,加入了对属性值href内容的正则匹配内容 <---> href = re.compile('elsie')

(3)解析信息标签结构,查询所有a标签,然后输出所有标签中的“字符串”内容;

>>> for x in soup.find_all('a'):
    string = x.get_text()
    print(string)
   
Elsie
Lacie
Tillie